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Investigating the Interaction Effect of Feedback Type (Self-Controlled vs. Paired) and Presentation Mode (Whole vs. Difficult Part) on the Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer of the Breaststroke Leg Kick Skill
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Bahman Hassanvand *   , Milad Delfan |
| Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Khor.C., Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Iran, Khorramabad , hasanvand121@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (26 Views) |
Background and Aim: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of two feedback types (self-controlled and paired) and two presentation modes (whole and difficult part) on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of the breaststroke leg kick skill in adolescents. Given the importance of feedback in motor learning, this research aimed to clarify the role of self-controlled feedback, particularly under challenging practice conditions. A secondary objective was to examine whether need-based, learner-tailored feedback delivery could lead to improved performance and skill consolidation across different learning phases.
Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 40 male students aged 15 to 18 years from Khorramabad, Iran, with no prior experience in basic swimming skills. After initial matching, participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=10 each): 1) Whole self-controlled feedback, 2) Difficult-part self-controlled feedback, 3) Whole paired feedback, and 4) Difficult-part paired feedback. The intervention involved delivering the two feedback types (self-controlled or paired) via two presentation modes (focusing on the whole skill or the difficult part of the movement). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Tukey's post-hoc test.
Results: The results indicated that the interaction effect between feedback type (self-controlled vs. paired) and presentation mode (whole vs. difficult part) on the variables of skill acquisition, immediate retention, delayed retention, and transfer was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the interaction between feedback type (self-controlled and paired) and its presentation mode (whole and difficult part) does not have a significant impact on the processes of acquisition, retention, and transfer of this motor skill in the studied population.
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| Keywords: Self-controlled feedback, Performance awareness, Skill acquisition, Retention, Motor learning |
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Full-Text [PDF 455 kb]
(33 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Marine Medicine
Received: 2025/08/1 | Accepted: 2025/09/9 | Published: 2025/12/1
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