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Public Health Risks of Tetrodotoxin and its Analogues in Marine Bivalves and Edible Gastropods
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Ali Keshavarz Lelekami   , Mohammad Nobakht , Amir Homayoun Keihan , Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini , Teimour Tabari  , Seyed Ali Mirhosseini * |
| Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , ali.mirh@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (2356 Views) |
Tetradotoxin is a powerful and deadly poison that has poisoned and killed countless people. The distribution of Tetradotoxin and its analogs is very wide and this toxin has been identified in many organisms. Increasing its detection in marine species such as bivalves and gastropods has drawn scientific and legal attention to this toxin. While Tetradotoxin is structurally completely different from saxitoxin, another marine toxin, their sodium channel blocking mechanism is the same and it has been shown that the potency of both can be combined. Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed databases were applied for selecting the most relevant papers with the keywords "tetradotoxin", "poisoning", "mechanism of action", "bivalves", "edible gastropods" and "origin of tetradotoxin". The purpose of this review was to evaluate the public health risks that have endangered the lives of many people due to the consumption of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in bivalves and gastropods. The results of this study showed that this toxin is very resistant to heat and there are new and more accurate methods for its detection. Also, poisoning with this toxin can be both acute and chronic, and both of these cases can lead to the death of the consumer. |
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| Keywords: Tetrodotoxin, Bivalves, Edible gastropods, Poisoning, Seafood |
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Full-Text [PDF 774 kb]
(908 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Marine Medicine
Received: 2022/04/7 | Accepted: 2023/01/20 | Published: 2023/03/1
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