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Showing 4 results for Risk Assessment
Mohammad Javad Sheikhmozafari, Omran Ahmadi, Volume 3, Issue 4 (9-2021)
Abstract
Due to the spread of COVID-19 worldwide (pandemic), various dimensions including the health and economy of communities have been affected. Protecting workers from COVID-19 contamination poses major challenges that need to be addressed in order to learn more about how the disease has spread and how to prevent it.
Exposure to COVID-19 is a risk because it can cause disease. Risk analysis is the systematic use of available data to identify risks and assess risks to individuals, the environment, assets and values. After risk analysis, a risk assessment should be performed. Risk assessment involves comparing the results of risk analysis with risk acceptance criteria. After the risk assessment, risks that are unbearable should be eliminated or reduced using control measures. All of these steps in a system or activity and identifying and introducing risk control measures to reduce harm to people, the environment, assets and values are called risk management.
In the present review study, risk identification, assessment and risk management of COVID-19 in work environments were performed by categorizing studies. The results of this study can help experts in identifying the risks associated with COVID-19, risk assessment and provide risk control strategies in the context of risk management and provide them with useful information to do so.
Hossein Masoumbeigi, Mahdi Sadat Rasoul, Ghader Qanizadeh, Volume 3, Issue 4 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Strengthening the security and flexibility of critical infrastructure such as water facilities, which are part of the main assets and vital centers of cities and are very vulnerable to possible attacks, has a very important role in reducing vulnerability in critical situations. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the risk of drinking water facilities in Hashtgerd city by Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA).
Methods: The present analytical study was conducted in the all water facility of Hashtgerd city, Alborz, Iran in 2020. Identification and determination of the types of potential hazards and threats of water facilities in Hashtgerd city related to the quantity and quality of water and operation and maintenance was done by reviewing the necessary documents, field visits, observation, interviews and opinion polls of Alborz province water supply experts. Then, risk assessment was performed using FMEA technique. The risk priority number was calculated by multiplying the three factors of severity, probability of occurrence and probability of discovery, and based on that, risk prioritization was performed and the necessary solutions to reduce the risk were presented.
Results: In this study, 42 potential risks were identified. The highest risks belonged to water wells (35.71%). The identified risks were 10, 33 and 57%, related to the quantity, quality of water and operation and maintenance, respectively. The highest risk priority number were 576, 448 and 392, related to the critical threats that belonged to improper selection of water well location, possibility of physical attacks on reservoirs and long life of pumping station and water distribution network, respectively. 47.6, 40.5 and 11.9% of the risks were at the critical, moderate and non-critical levels, respectively. Risk priority number range of critical level threats for water wells with 8 risks was 192-448, for pumping stations with 8 risks was 280-576 and for reservoirs and water distribution network with 4 risks was 336-392.
Conclusion: The findings showed that all of the Hashtgerd water facilities are vulnerable to identified potentially critical threats and require serious corrections, control, monitoring and up-to-date and frequent staff training. Corrections implementation, especially for critical level threats, in order of priority for water tanks and distribution network, pumping station and then water wells, can play an effective role in reducing the risk potential and destructive effects of threats in crises and need to be seriously considered by water industry officials.
Mohammad Velayatzadeh, Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Lead is a toxic metal that is highly distributed in the environment and enters the natural cycle through many human-made industrial, agricultural, urban and rural activities, as well as by entering the marine ecosystems, it accumulates in the cycle of food and fish and can cause very dangerous and carcinogenic diseases in humans. This review was conducted in 2022. The data needed to assess the risk of lead on fish in the Caspian Sea, Oman sea and the Persian Gulf were collected by reviewing Persian and English published articles. The findings showed that the range of lead concentration in Caspian Sea fish was from 0.03 mg/kg in Vimba vimba to 3.01 mg/kg in golden grey mullet. Among the fish of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the highest amount of lead was found in the flounders (2.82 mg/kg) and the lowest amount of this metal was found in sulpdur goatfish (0.008 mg/kg). The amount of lead in the muscle of the fish studied in the Caspian Sea, such as Caspian kutum, Golden grey mullet, common carp, leaping mullet, Gobies, and common Pike, was higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard (0.2 mg/kg). In fish in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the levels of lead in the muscles of Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Tigertooth croaker, Indo-Pacific king mackerel, Chelon subviridis, blackspotted croaker, Cobia, Sillaginidae, and Flounder were reported to be higher than the WHO limit. According to the risk assessment of lead metal in the fishes, in many cases the risk index was higher than 1 and the carcinogenic risk index of lead in the muscle of many fishes was reported to be higher than 1×10-4. Therefore, according to these results, it can be concluded that many fish in the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Sea have been contaminated with lead metal during the past years, and for human consumption, the necessary precautions should be taken based on the recommendations of the WHO. It is also suggested to continuously monitor and control the concentration of lead metal and other heavy metals in marine ecosystems.
Abdolvahed Rahmani, Naser Koosej, Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The expansion of industrial and urban activities has led to environmental pollution by heavy metals, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. These contaminants can accumulate along the food chain, increasing their concentration over time. This study investigates the levels of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in the muscle tissue of Lethrinus nebulosus (Sha’ri fish) from three regions in Hormozgan Province (Dargahan, Bandar Khamir, and Bandar Abbas) due to their ecological and public health significance.
Methods: A total of 180 Lethrinus nebulosus specimens were collected from the three study areas during the summer and winter seasons of 2023. The samples were transported to the laboratory, where biometric analyses were performed. Muscle tissues were excised, dried, ground into powder, and subjected to chemical digestion. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Cu were then measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Analytik Jena, Germany, Model ContrAA 700).
Results: The results indicated a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of the studied heavy metals in the muscle tissue of Lethrinus nebulosus across the three locations. Dargahan exhibited the highest metal concentrations compared to Bandar Khamir and Bandar Abbas. Additionally, seasonal variations were observed, with significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals in the summer compared to the winter (p<0.05). However, a comparison of metal concentrations with international standards established by the FAO, WHO, and EPA revealed that the detected levels of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Cu were below permissible limits.
Conclusion: The health risk assessment of consuming Lethrinus nebulosus suggests that, at current consumption rates, the levels of lead, nickel, zinc, iron, and copper do not pose a risk to consumers. However, continuous monitoring is recommended to ensure long-term seafood safety in the region.
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