Background and Aim: Among the most annoying problems in all vessels are the existence of species from rodents to insects that waste some part of the ability of personnel to operate or damage navigation control systems, damage electronic networks, damage food and even poison people. The purpose of this study was to identify pests, insects and rodents on the light and semi-heavy vessels available in Bandar Abbas and to provide solutions to them.
Methods: After preliminary examination, location and floating docks selection, sampling and catching of insects and rodents were done from the vessels in southern Iran (Bandar Abbas). Samples were collected with the help of manual entomopathology; aspirator; sticky trap; hand collection; match with canberra; pneumatic; trap collection. Killing and storing of samples was done by standard methods and frequency of samples was recorded. After processing the information, a panel of experts from six experts in the field of health (environmental, public and occupational health) developed solution and strategies to remove pest, insect and rodent.  
Results: In total, 141 arthropods, 18 genera, 29 species and 4 rodents from one family belonging to one species were identified. Samples were collected in greater order from the kitchen, personnel dormitories, martial facilities and the main vessels lounge. The highest frequency of arthropods caught was American cockroach and large ant (12.77%) followed by spiders (11.35%), small ants (10.64%) and the least abundant were locusts and rodents. Summarizing the opinions of 6 experts in the field of health (environmental health, public and professional), solutions were presented in 4 areas: physical, chemical, biological and genetic.
Conclusion: Considering the abundance of pests, insects and rodents in light and semi-heavy vessels, raising the awareness of managers and staff about environmental health, through training sessions by health experts, as well as the preparation of a pesticide and insect control checklist is suggested.

The importance of freshwater resources and water infrastructure for the health of human communities has made them one of the main targets of terrorist attacks. Currently, 9 types of biological toxins are considered to be potentially important factors in bioterrorism to contaminate drinking water resources. These toxins include botulinum toxin, T-2 mycotoxin, ricin, aflatoxin, saxitoxin, anatoxin A, tetrodotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxins, and microcystin. There have been several reported terrorist attacks in the world using contaminated drinking water by microbial pathogens. Unlike most terrorist factors, it is very difficult to detect threats to water resources, and because such attacks are characterized only by the spread of contaminated water and the loss of many lives in an outbreak or epidemic, it is important to identify and deal with quickly. In addition to permanent control and elimination of the possible vulnerability of reservoirs and drinking water facilities in usual conditions, in order to quickly and efficiently deal with these threats, especially in crisis situations, most countries are equipped with diagnostic laboratories, monitoring systems and advanced monitoring networks. It seems vital to set up a specialized reference laboratory for controlling and monitoring drinking water in the field of passive defense. In addition to general and traditional tests, this laboratory must have specialized departments for monitoring, tracking and rapid detection of microbial pathogens contaminating drinking water, as well as biological toxins in this area using molecular, immunological methods, biosensors and nanosensors.  

Background and Aim: Due to serious psychological effects of COVID-19 like stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder on people, patients, medical staff, families and those quarantined, the purpose of this review was to investigate, identify and provide evidence based psychological interventions.
Methods: This narrative review investigated the studies conducted in the field of psychological interventions and consequences during coronavirus pneumonia from January 1 to May 11, 2020 using the keywords SSARS-CoV-2, pneumonia, psychological interventions in crises, mental health, COVID-19, pandemic. The search was done in databases of Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest, as well as the most famous Iranian databases, SID, Iranmedax and Magiran. In addition, articles published online by the China National Health Commission, the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization were reviewed.
Results: In total, 75 out of 102 articles were reviewed. The findings showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, negative psychological effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, stress, sleep disorders and anger in the medical staff and other people involved with Covid-19 were significantly increased. Stressors include health anxiety, conspiracy theories, prolonged quarantine, fear of disease transmission, frustration, fatigue, lack of protective equipment, insufficient information, financial loss, rumors, negative beliefs about vaccination, and stigma. In addition, the findings showed that online cognitive-behavioral therapy approach is effective at the time of COVID-19 outbreak.
Conclusion: According to a review of studies, a decrease in mental health of people, especially medical staff was found, so it is necessary to provide fast, continuous and timely psychological interventions, especially online services. It seems that online psychological services is better than face-to-face psychological services.

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Background and aim: Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Determining the incidence of tuberculosis and treating sick people is one of the important strategies to prevent the occurrence of the disease and accelerate the process of achieving the goals of sustainable development to reduce cases of tuberculosis.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The information is extracted from the recorded data of the tuberculosis care system and a researcher-made checklist with questions from patients as well as health system staff.
Results: The total number of tuberculosis cases was 89, of which 57.3% were female. The mean age was 61.71 years. The cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were 78.7% and the others were extrapulmonary. The overall incidence of tuberculosis and smear-positive cases in Kerman in 2018 were equal to 11.4 and 6.1 per 100,000 population, respectively. Also, the incidence of negative and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in 2018 was equal to 1.2 and 2.2 people per 100,000 population, respectively.
Conclusion: These findings showed that the incidence of tuberculosis in Kerman is slightly higher than the national average, however, this small amount requires further investigation and survey of the causes and finally measurements to reduce the incidence of this disease.

Background and Aim: Silybum marianum is a plant with effective medicinal agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Silybum marianum methanolic extract on liver function and growth parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
Methods: 180 fish with an average weight of 10.40±1.12 g were treated in a randomized design in 4 groups with 3 replications (15 fish per replication). The control had treatment without alcoholic extract and the treatments of the other three groups had 2.5, 5 and 10 g of Silybum marianum extract per kg of food, respectively. Every 15 days after anesthesia, biometrics and growth indices were assessed in all fish. Liver enzyme function was measured in the blood at the end of the study (day 90).  
Results: The highest final weight (46.20±1.34), body weight gain (36.30±1.50) and specific growth rate (1.55±0.12) in the treatment containing 10 g of alcoholic extract of Silybum marianum was observed, that had a significant difference in comparison to the control treatment (P<0.05). Also, the highest and lowest feed conversion ratios were observed in the control treatment (1.75±0.11) and in the treatment containing 10 g of extract (1.25±0.12), respectively (P<0.05). The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the treatment containing 10 g of extract were lower than other treatments, but no significant difference was observed between these enzymes in different treatments (P<0.05).  
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, consumption of alcoholic extract of Silybum marianum by common carp improved growth performance as well as the liver enzymes function.

Background and Aim: The concentration of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems is assessed in water, sediments, and living organisms. Typically, heavy metals are found in the lowest concentrations in water, with significant accumulation occurring in sediments, followed by increased levels of bioaccumulation in living organisms. This study aims to measure the concentrations of heavy metals -chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)- in the sediments of Khor Jask and Yek Shabah Hormozgan Province.
Methods: To identify environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, sample locations were first determined using GPS. Surface sediment samples were collected using a grab sampler, with 30 samples taken from Jask (both intertidal and subtidal zones) and 30 samples from the Yek Shabah. After drying and acid digestion, a flame atomic absorption spectrometer was employed to determine the concentration of heavy metals, followed by the calculation of the enrichment index.
Results: The results indicated significant differences in the average concentrations of the studied elements across different stations (P<0.05). In the sediments of the Jask estuary, the highest average concentration was found for chromium at 59±45.73 µg/g, while the lowest was for cadmium at 0.14±0.04 µg/g. In contrast, the Yek Shabah estuary sediments exhibited an average concentration of 101.33±5.03 µg/g for nickel and 0.16±0.01 µg/g for cadmium. According to the Mueller geochemical index, the sediments in the studied areas were classified as unpolluted to slightly polluted.
Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that the sediments of the Yek Shabah estuary fall within the category of low to moderate pollution, while the Jask estuary is either free from pollution or exhibits low levels of metal pollution in Hormozgan Province. In terms of enrichment factors, all studied elements -except arsenic- showed minimal enrichment. The Yek Shabah estuary displayed very high enrichment for arsenic, whereas the Jask estuary demonstrated minimal enrichment.