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طب دریا؛ چیستی، کاربردها، فرصت ها Marine Medicine; Nature, Applications, Opportunities 1 1 طب دریا یکی از حوزه های پزشکی است که با سلامت و ایمنی افراد مرتبط با دریا سر و کار دارد، با این حال یکی از حرفه های منزوی است که علیرغم اهمیت، کمتر به آن توجه شده است و مهارتها و شایستگی های مورد نیاز آن، همچنان مورد بحث است. با جستجو و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در مقالات و منابع چاپ شده در این زمینه، سه حوزه اصلی طب دریا شامل کاربردهای درمانی دریا، بیماری‌ها و مشکلات سلامتی ناشی از محیط دریایی و بیماری‌ها و مشکلات سلامتی ناشی از مشاغل دریایی شناسایی گردید. کاربردهای درمانی دریا شامل دو حوزه اصلی دریا درمانی و فرآورده های دارویی دریا است. علاوه بر اینکه میتوان به شکل مستقیم از آب و هوا و محیط دریا در درمان بیماریها استفاده کرد، فرآورده های متنوع بدست آمده از دریا نیز دارای ویژگی های بینظیری بوده و میتوانند برای درمان بیماری‌های بسیاری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بیماری‌ها و مشکلات سلامتی ناشی از محیط دریایی شامل موارد مرتبط با جانوران، موارد مرتبط با غواصی اسکوبا و موارد مرتبط با سموم است. بیماریها و مشکلات سلامتی مرتبط با جانوران شامل جانوران دریایی که باعث ایجاد جراحات جدی میشوند، جانوران دریایی که شوکهای الکتریکی قوی ایجاد میکنند، جانوران دریایی که سمی هستند و جانوران دریایی که نیش زهرآگین دارند، می‌شوند. مهمترین بیماریها و مشکلات سلامتی مربوط به غواصی نیز شامل مسمومیت اکسیژن، مسمومیت دی‌اکسیدکربن، باروترومای ریوی، باروترومای گوش و سینوسها و بیماری برداشت فشار هستند. بیماریها و مشکلات سلامتی مرتبط با سموم شامل مسمومیت عصبی با صدف، مسمومیت فلجی با صدف، مسمومیت فراموشی با صدف و مسمومیت اسهالی با صدف، مسمومیت با ماهی سیگواترا، مسمومیت با خرچنگهای خوراکی و مسمومیت با جیوه هستند. همچنین بیماری‌ها و مشکلات سلامتی ناشی از مشاغل دریایی شامل مشکلات سلامتی و بیماریهای مربوط به ایمنی، سلامت فیزیکی و سلامت روانی است. بنابراین در آموزش های مربوط به طب دریا باید سه حوزه اصلی طب دریا و موضوعات مربوط به هر کدام از آنها درنظر گرفته شود. 2 Marine medicine is one of the medical fields that deals with the health and safety of people related to the sea. However, it is an isolated profession which, despite its importance, has received less attention and the skills and competencies required are still debated. By searching and gathering information in published papers in this field, three main areas of marine medicine including marine therapeutic applications, diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment and diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations were identified. Therapeutic applications of the sea include the two main areas of thalassotherapy and marine therapeutic products. In addition to the direct use of climate and sea environment in the treatment of diseases, a variety of products obtained from the sea also have unique properties and can be used to treat many diseases. Diseases and health problems caused by the marine environment include animals related issues, scuba diving related issues and toxins related issues. Animal-related illnesses and health problems include marine animals that cause serious injuries, marine animals that cause severe electric shocks, marine animals that are poisonous, and marine animals that have venomous stings. The most important diseases and health problems related to diving include oxygen poisoning, carbon dioxide poisoning, pulmonary barotrauma, barotrauma of the ear and sinuses, and decompression sickness. Toxins-related diseases and health problems include neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, ciguatera fish poisoning, edible crab poisoning and mercury poisoning. Also, diseases and health problems caused by marine occupations include health problems and diseases related to safety, physical and mental health. Therefore, in the marine medicine education, the three main areas of marine medicine and the topics related to each of them should be considered. 3 12 2022/11/102021/09/22 1400/6/31 2022/11/282022/11/11 1401/8/20 فرشاد حیدری بنی Farshad Heidari-Beni دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران Heidarifarshad70@yahoo.com محمد نوبخت Mohammad Nobakht دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله marinemedicine@gmail.com امیر واحدیان عظیمی Amir Vahedian-Azimi مرکز تحقیقات تروما، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله، تهران، ایران amirvahedian63@gmail.com سیدشهرام میرزمانی Seyyed Shahram Mirzamani انشکده علوم و فناوری همگرا واحد علوم تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ایران ss.mirzamani@gmail.com سید طیب مرادیان Seyyed Tayeb Moradian دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله t.moradyan@yahoo.com عباس عبادی Abbas Ebadi دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله Ebadi1347@bmsu.ac.ir مرتضی کاملی موراندینی Morteza Kameli Morandini دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله mortezakameli38@gmail.com Marine medicine Maritime medicine Marine disease طب دریا پزشکی دریایی بیماری‌های دریا. 1. 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مروری بر اثرات ضد‌میکروبی و ضد‌سرطانی توتیا و خیار دریایی خلیج‌فارس و دریای عمان Antibacterial and Anticancer Activity of Holothuroidea and Echinoidea from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea- a Narrative Review 1 1 جانوران دریایی به دلیل داشتن متابولیت‌های ثانویه از مهم‌ترین منابع تولیدات طبیعی با منشأ فعالیت‌های زیستی محسوب می‌شوند. این ترکیبات طبیعی می‌توانند کاربرد‌های غذایی و دارویی زیادی داشته باشند. در سال‌های اخیر تلاش‌ها به منظور یافتن مواد زیست فعال از جانداران به خصوص جانوران دریایی افزایش یافته است. خارپوستان از جمله ستاره‌های شکننده، ستاره‌ دریایی، توتیای دریایی، خیار دریایی گروه قدیمی و متنوع از بی‌مهرگان دریایی هستند که منبع غنی از ترکیبات ضد باکتریایی و ضدسرطانی با مکانسیم فعالیت بالا محسوب می‌شوند. با وجود پیشرفت فوق‌العاده در پزشکی، بیماری‌های ناشی از میکروارگانیسم‌ها هنوز هم یک تهدید عمده برای سلامت عمومی می‌باشد. امروزه با افزایش مقاومت‌های آنتی بیوتیکی و رشد انواع سرطان‌ها و اثرات جانبی داروهای شیمیایی، استفاده از درمان‌های جایگزین و نوین طبیعی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. تحقیقات اخیر حاکی از آن است که ترکیبات جدا شده از اندام‌های مختلف خیار و توتیا دریایی می‌تواند اثرات ضدمیکروبی و ضد‌سرطانی داشته باشند. طی این مطالعه مروری، نتایج حاصل از اثرات ضد‌میکروبی و ضد‌سرطانی توتیا و خیار دریایی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان در دهه اخیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. 2 Marine animals are one of the most important sources of natural products with the origin of biological activities due to their secondary metabolites. These natural compounds can have many nutritional and medicinal uses. In recent years, efforts to find bioactive substances from organisms, especially marine animals, have increased. Echinoderms, including sea urchins (Echinoidea) and sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are an ancient and diverse group of marine invertebrates, which are a rich source of antibacterial and anticancer compounds with high activity mechanisms. Despite tremendous progress in medicine, diseases caused by microorganisms are still a major threat to public health. Nowadays, with the increase of antibiotic resistance and the growing of all types of cancers and the side effects of chemical drugs, the use of alternative and new natural treatments seems necessary. Recent research indicates that compounds isolated from different organs of sea cucumber and sea urchin can have antimicrobial and anticancer effects. In this narrative review, the findings of the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of sea cucumber and sea urchin from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in the last decade were investigated. 13 21 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/18 1400/4/27 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/11 1401/8/20 رضا کاظمی درسنکی Reza Kazemi Darsanaki گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه و فنی‌مهندسی، دانشگاه گنبد‌کاووس، گرگان، ایران darsanaki@hotmail.com اکرم سادات نعیمی Akram Sadat Naeemi Sea Urchins (Echinoidea) Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea) Antibacterial Activity Anticancer Activity Persian Gulf. توتیای دریایی خیار دریایی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی فعالیت ضدسرطانی خلیج فارس. 1. Jamali S, Emtiazjoo M, Toolabee L, Zeinali S, Sardari S, Ramezani A, Azarang P. Antibacterial effect of the Persian Gulf sea cucumber Holoturia. SP extracts on three strain of Escherichia coli. Pathobiology Research. 2009;12(2):37-49.##2. Nazemi M, Moradi Y, Gazari S, Legzaee F. Investigations of Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of the Body Wall of Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 23: 75-80.##3. James DB. Twenty sea cucumbers from seas around India. Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly. 2001; 24 (1-2): 4-8.##4. Mohebbi G, Vazirizadeh A, Nabipour I. Sea urchin: toxinology, bioactive compounds and its treatment management. Iran South Med J. 2016; 19(4):704-35 doi:10.18869/acadpub.ismj.19.4.704##5. Mokhlesi A, Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Shahverdi AR, Nasrolahi A, Farahani F, Khoshnood R, Es' haghi N. Biological activities of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2012;7(3):243-9. doi:10.3923/ajava.2012.243.249##6. Kiani N, Heidari B, Rassa M, Kadkhodazadeh M, Heidari B. Antibacterial activity of the body wall extracts of sea cucumber (Invertebrata; Echinodermata) on infectious oral streptococci. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology. 2014;25(4):367-73. doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0010##7. Adibpour N, Nasr F, Nematpour F, Shakouri A, Ameri A. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Holothuria leucospilota isolated from Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2014;7(1). e8708. doi:10.5812/jjm.8708##8. Mohammadizadeh F, Ehsanpor M, Afkhami M, Mokhlesi A, Khazaali A, Montazeri S. Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of a sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota, from the north coast of the Persian Gulf. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2013;93(5):1401-5. doi:10.1017/S0025315412001889##9. Sarhadizadeh N, Afkhami M, Ehsanpour M. Evaluation bioactivity of a sea cucumber, Stichopus hermanni from Persian Gulf. Eur. J. Exp. Biol. 2014;4:254-8.##10. Farjami B, Nematollahi MA, Noradi Y, Irajian G, Nazemi M. Study of antibacterial effect of the extracts of the sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) of Persian Gulf on the Escherichia coli. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2014; 8(1):27-33.##11. Farjami B, Nematollahi M, Moradi Y, Nazemi M. Derivation of extracts from Persian Gulf sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) and assessment of its antifungal effect. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 2014;13:785-795.##12. Nazemi M, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Salari Z, Gozari M. Comparison of antibacterial activity in methanol extract of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota) and sponge Niphates furcata from Hengam Island, Persian Gulf. Journal of marine biology. 2017; 8 (4):65-72.##13. Bahroudi S, Nematollahi MA, Aghasadeghi MR, Nazemi M, Bahroudi M, Behrouz B. Anti-viral effect of methanolic extract of Sea cucumber on HIV-1 virus. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2016;17(4): 125-131##14. Shakouri A, Shoushizadeh MR, Nematpour F. Antimicrobial activity of sea cucumber (Stichopus variegatus) body wall extract in Chabahar Bay, Oman Sea. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products. 2017; 12(1): e32422.##15. Ghadiri M, Kazemi S, Heidari B, Rassa M. Bioactivity of aqueous and organic extracts of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (Brandt 1835) on pathogenic Candida and Streptococci. International Aquatic Research. 2018;10(1):31-43.##16. Abdollah Aslian H, Kamrani E, Yousefzadi M, Keshavarz M. Antibacterial activity of various extracts of the sea urchin Echinometra Mathaei. Journal of Aquatic Ecology. 2016;5(3):139-44.##17. Shakouri A, Javanmard Kamy Ghazy Mahalleh O, Soheili F. Antibacterial effect of different extraction from organs Sea Urchin, Echinometra mathaei in Chabahar Beach. Journal of Marine Biology. 2015;7(1):73-82.##18. Rahi S, Heidari B, Rassa M. Antifungal effects of organic and aqueous extracts of the Persian Gulf sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) against three strains of pathogenic fungi. Aquatics Physiology and Biotechnology. 2015;2(3):31-45. ##19. Shakouri A, Javanmard Kamy Ghzy Mahalleh O. Investigation of antibacterial effect sea urchin shell species Echinometra mathaei Chabahar Beach. Experimental animal Biology. 2015;3(4): 25-35.##20. Kazemi S, Heidari B, Rassa M. Antibacterial and hemolytic effects of aqueous and organic extracts from different tissues of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei on pathogenic streptococci. International Aquatic Research. 2016;8(4):299-308.##21. Shushizadeh MR, Nasiri MB, Ameri AG, Ghatrami ER, Tavakoli S. Preparation of the Persian Gulf Echinometra mathaei Organic Extracts and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activity. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products. 2019;14(4): e57093.##22. Mosapour Shajani M, Hosseini SF, Rezaei M, Schillaci D. Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of phases extracted from coelomic fluid of burrowing urchin (Echinometra mathaei). Aquatics Physiology and Biotechnology. 2020;8(8):145-74. ##23. Pishehvarzad F, Yousefzadi M, Kamrani E, Moini Zanjani T, Ali Ahmadi A. Antioxidant activity of extracts of two species of sea cucumber Holothuria parva and Holothuria leucospilota from the Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Aquatic Ecology. 2014;4(1):34-29.##24. Bahroodi S, Nematollahi MA, Aghasadeghi MR, Nazemi M, Behroz B. In vitro cytotoxic and anti-cancer effects of body wall for sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota). Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal. 2014; 23 (3):11-19.##25. Nikdel N, Baharara J, Nejad Shahrokhabadi Kh, Amini E. The cytotoxic effect of sea cucumber body wall extract, species of Holothuria arenicola on melanoma cancer cells. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2016;17(5):33-43.##26. Soltani M, Baharara J. Antioxidant and antiprolifereative capacity of dichloromethane extract of Holoturia leucospilota sea cucumber. International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics. 2014; 1-9. doi:10.5899/2014/ijcmb-00013##27. Soleimani S., et al. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Characteristics of Pigments and Coelomic Fluid of Sea Urchin, Echinodermata Mathaei Species, from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 22 (6): 614-628.##28. Soleimani S. Assessment of Anti- Inflammatory effect of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei from the Persian Gulf. Iranian South Medical Journal. 2016; 18(6):1208-1220## ##

تاثیر متغیرهای اقتصادی-اجتماعی بر ارتباط بین سواد سلامت با سلامت عمومی و کیفیت زندگی کارکنان غیرفعال در مرکز آموزش نیروی دریایی باقرالعلوم The effect of Socio-Economic Variables on the Relationship between Health Literacy and General Health and the Quality of Life in Inactive Staff of Baqerul Uloom Marine Science Training Center 1 1 زمینه و هدف: سواد سلامت عنصری مهم در توانایی افراد برای مشارکت در فعالیت‌های مرتبط با سلامت عمومی و رضایت از زندگی است. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر متغیرهای اقتصادی-اجتماعی بر ارتباط بین سواد سلامت با سلامت عمومی و کیفیت زندگی کارکنان غیرفعال در مرکز آموزش نیروی دریایی باقرالعلوم می‌پردازد. روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی-همبستگی بر روی 285 کارمند در مرکز آموزش علوم دریایی باقرالعلوم در سال 1400 انجام شد. برای جمع‌آوری دادهها از پرسشنامه‌های سواد سلامت (HELIA)، سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ (GQH-28) و کیفیت زندگی (SF-12) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: تعداد 48 نفر (37 %) از کارکنان غیرفعال در مرکز آموزش نیروی دریایی باقرالعلوم، مجرد بودند. تعداد 74 نفر (56 %) وضعیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی در سطح متوسط داشتند. میانگین سواد سلامت در سطح مرزی (58/01)، سلامت عمومی متوسط به بالا (51/42) و کیفیت زندگی در سطح متوسط (71/61) بود. با در نظر گرفتن اثرات اقتصادی و اجتماعی، بین سواد سلامت و سلامت عمومی و شاخص‌های کیفیت زندگی ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود داشت (p˂0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش روشن ساخت که سطح سواد سلامت و ابعاد آن برای داشتن سلامت عمومی و کیفیت زندگی بهتر کارکنان ضروری است و مدیران مراکز نظامی جهت ارتقای سطح زندگی کارکنان خود باید به رابطه بین این مولفه‌ها توجه لازم را مبذول سازند. 2 Background and Aim: Health literacy is an important element in people's ability to participate in activities related to public health and life satisfaction. The present study examines the impact of socio-economic variables on the relationship between health literacy and general health and the quality of life in inactive staff of Baqerul Uloom Marine Science Training Center. Methods: The present research was carried out by descriptive-correlation method on 285 staffs in in inactive staff of Baqerul Uloom Marine Science Training Center in 2022. Health literacy (HELIA), Goldberg general health (GQH-28) and quality of life (SF-12) questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: Forty-eight people (37%) of the inactive staffs in Baqerul Uloom Marine Science Training Center were single. 74 people (56%) had an average socio-economic status. The mean health literacy was at borderline level (58.01), general health at moderate to high level (51.42) and quality of life at moderate level (71.61). Considering the socio-economic effects, there was a significant relationship between health literacy and general health and quality of life (p˂0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this research made it clear that the level of health literacy and its dimensions are necessary for general health and a better quality of life for staffs, and managers of military centers should pay more attention to the relationship between these components in order to improve the quality of life of staffs. 22 30 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/182021/10/10 1400/7/18 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/112022/11/11 1401/8/20 وحید بخشعلی پور Vahid Bakhshalipour آموزشکده فنی و حرفه ای سما سیاهکل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهیجان، سیاهکل ، ایران vahidbakhshalipour@yahoo.com سیاوش خداپرست Siavash Khodaparast گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران s.khodaparast@yahoo.com مازیار کلاشی Maziyar Kalashi گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران maz.ka@yahoo.com Mental Health Health Literacy Quality of Life. سلامت عمومی سواد سلامت کیفیت زندگی. 1. Kwon M J. 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ارزیابی آگاهی پرستاران از حقوق بیمار و میزان رعایت آن در بیمارستان‌های نظامی منتخب Evaluation of Nurses' Knowledge and Observance about Patients' Rights in Selected Military Hospitals 1 1 زمینه و هدف: حقوق بیمار در واقع انتظاراتی است که او از موسسات خدمات بهداشتی–درمانی دارد. حمایت از حقوق بیمار توسط پرستاران تنها زمانی امکان‌پذیر است که آنها آگاهی لازم را در این زمینه داشته باشند. لذا این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی آگاهی پرستاران از حقوق بیمار و میزان رعایت آن در بیمارستانهای نظامی منتخب انجام شد. روش‌ها: این مطالعه تحلیلی توصیفی و مقطعی در سال 1400-1401 انجام شد. نمونههای پژوهش شامل 317 نفر از پرستاران بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامه استاندارد مشتمل بر سه بخش بود که به روش خودگزارش‌دهی توسط پرستاران تکمیل شد؛ بخش اول مربوط به مشخصات دموگرافیک و بخش دوم و سوم مربوط به موقعیتهای حقوقی بیماران (برای سنجش آگاهی پرستاران از حقوق بیمار و میزان رعایت آن) بود. یافته‌ها: 49/2 % آگاهی پرستاران در زمینه حقوق بیمار در وضعیت خوب و 47/9 % در وضعیت عالی قرار داشتند. به عبارت دیگر حدود نیمی از افراد مورد مطالعه از حقوق بیماران آگاهی داشتند. این در حالی است که از نظر رعایت حقوق بیمار توسط پرستاران مورد مطالعه 71% افراد در وضعیت عالی قرار داشتند. میزان آگاهی و رعایت حقوق بیماران با متغیرهای سن، سابقه و تحصیلات ارتباط معنیداری داشت (P<0.05). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به اینکه حدود نیمی از پرستاران در بیمارستان‌های نظامی مورد مطالعه آگاهی مناسبی از حقوق بیمار نداشتند، لذا ضرورت آموزش و اطلاع رسانی هر چه بیشتر به پرستاران نمایان می‌شود. پیشنهاد می‌شود که آموزش حقوق بیمار به کارکنان و بیماران در راس برنامه‌های مدیران و تصمیم گیران سازمان قرار گیرد. 2 Background and Aim: Patients’ rights are their expectations from healthcare organization and hospitals. Protection of patient rights by nurses is possible only when they have the necessary knowledge in this field. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the nurses' knowledge and observance about patients' rights in selected military hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran during 2022. The research samples included 317 nurses who were selected by convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire consisting of three parts, which was completed by nurses in self-report manner; the first part was related to the demographic data, and the second and third parts were related to the patients' legal status (for assessing nurses' knowledge and observance about patients' rights). Results: 49.2% of nurses' knowledge about patient rights was in good status and 47.9% was in excellent status. In other words, about half of the nurses were aware of patients' rights. Meanwhile, in terms of observance of patient rights by nurses, 71% of them were in excellent status. The level of knowledge and observance of patients' rights had a significant relationship with the variables of age, job history and education level (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering that about half of the nurses in the selected military hospitals did not have adequate knowledge of the patient's rights, the necessity of training and informing the nurses is becoming more apparent. It is suggested that the education of patients' rights to nurses and patients should be placed at the top of the plans of managers and decision makers of the organization. 31 39 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/182021/10/102022/08/2 1401/5/11 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/11 1401/8/20 پریسا مهدی زاده Parisa Mehdizadeh p.mahdizade@gmail.com علی علی اکبر اصفهانی Ali Aliakbar Esfahani Aliesfahani60@yahoo.com امیر واحدیان عظیمی Amir Vahedian-Azimi amirvahedian63@gmail.com مهدی قائد Mehdi Ghaed mehdi.gh58@yahoo.com صدیقه کوهستانی Sedighe Koohestani مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه اله (عج)، تهران، ایران s.kohestani.65@gmail.com Patient's Right Health Care Quality Nurse Ethics. حقوق بیمار کیفیت خدمات سلامت پرستار اخلاق. 1. Negarandeh R, Oskouei S F, Ahmadi F, Nikravesh M. The nature of patient support. J Adv Med Biomed Res. 2005; 13(53):29-38.##2. Dadashi M, Habibi RA, Alipour S, Ghoreishi SR, Abbasi N, Soltani-Kermanshahi M. Awareness and Observance Rate of the Patients' Rights Charter in General Hospitals; The Perspectives of Iranian Patients. Hospital topics. Epub. 2019;97(2):66-72. doi:10.1080/00185868.2019.1608884 ##3. Ganjoo M, Bagherzadeh R, Momeni Kh, Koushesh F, Ebrahimi A. Investigating the effect of patient rights charter workshop on the knowledge of operating room technologists’ students in Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Scientific Journal of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Faculty. 2021;6(4): 46-54.##4. Behnia O, HosseinPour M, Zarea K. The Analysis of Team Working facilitating factors among nurses working at Training centers Affiliat-ed With the University of Jondi shapour in Ahvaz. Scientific Journal of Hamadan nursing & Midwifery faculty. 2016; 24(4) doi:10.21859/nmj-24045 ##5. Thapa K, Samson VW. A study to assess the knowledge and attitude of staff nurses regarding human rights of mentally ill patients at selected hospitals of Bangalore, India. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College. 2017;6(19):27-31. doi:10.3126/jkmc.v6i1.18583 ##6. ParsaPour A, Malek Afzalii M, Allaedini H, Bagher Larijani F. Attitude of patients, doctors and nurses on the patient's rights. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med .2009; 1(3): 79-90.##7. Gurung T, Neupane S. Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Patients Right among Nurses in a Teaching Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020;58(222):88-93. doi:10.31729/jnma.4661##8. Abeir H, Abozied AM, Entisar M, Hoda E. Mental Health Nurses' Knowledge Regarding Patients' Rights And Patients' advocacy. NILES journal for Geriatric and Gerontology. 2022;5(2): 307-324. doi:10.21608/niles.2022.243510##9. Hakimelahi H, Rasekh Jahromi E, Tafvizi M, Kalani N, Hatami N, Dezhkam L. Nurses 'awareness of patients' rights: A systematic review of studies conducted in Iran. Journal of Education and Ethics in Nursing. 2022;10 (3and4):56-67.##10. Parsapoor A, Bagheri A, Larijani B. Patient's right charter in Iran. Journal of Med Ethics Hist. 2010: 39- 47. ##‬11. Joolaee S, Tschudin V, Nikbakht‐Nasrabadi A, Parsa‐Yekta Z. Factors affecting patients' rights practice: the lived experiences of Iranian nurses and physicians. International Nursing Review. 2008;55(1):55-61. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00584.x ##12. Abbasinia M. Patient advocacy in nursing: A concept analysis. Research Article Find in PubMed.2019 doi:10.1177/0969733019832950 ##13. Hushmand S, Joolaee S, Mehdad N, Bahrami A. Knowledge of nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tehran about patient rights and the factors that make up the observance of rights from their point of view. Hayat. 2006;12(4):57-66. ##14. Hakan M, zdemir O, Akc T. Ergo¨nen, Ersel So¨nmez, I. O¨ zgu¨r Can, Serpil Salacin:The approach taken by the physicians working at educational hospitals in I˙zmir towards patient rights, Patient Education and Counseling 61. 2006: 87-91 doi:10.1016/j.pec.2005.02.013 ##15. Seyyed Rasouli E, Yazdanpur M. Examining the patients' views regarding the observance of their rights in health care centers in Tabriz. The national conference on ethics in nursing, Vice-Chancellor of Medicine and Medicine, Department of Nursing and Midwifery in cooperation with prayer training centers of Shiraz. 2005. ##16. Gholami M, Khojastefar M, Moravej H, Kavosi Z. Evaluation of patients' expectations and observation of their rights in the emergency department of Nemazee Hospital during 2015. ijme. 2016:50-62. ##17. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035 ##18. Nasiriany KH, Salemi S, Salman- Yazdy N, Hosseini F. How nurses respect patient's rights. IJN 2002,15(32and33):8-14. URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-fa.html. ##19. Khosravi Shams A, Sorani H, Pouriamfard E, Shamsipour M. The effect of implementing the optimization plan in providing emergency services. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2022;7(2):71-80. ##20. Akbari Vanehabad, M. investigating the effect of training courses on improving the performance of emergency workers in Tabriz city, the first national training conference in Iran. Tehran. 2013. https://civilica.com/doc/132950 ##21. Mohamadkhani Shahri L, Havaei M, Haji Rafiei E, Bagherinia M, Tajvidi M. Correlation between professional commitment and awareness and compliance with the Charter of Patients' Rights in Nursing and Midwifery Staff. JMIS. 2020; 6 (4):21-30 doi:10.29252/jmis.6.4.21 ##22. Ersoy N, Alton Y. Tendency of nurses to undertake the role of patient advocate. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics. 1997; (7): 167-70. ##23. Ledo R, Salas L, Gonzalez, et al. The rights of the hospital patient: the knowledge and perception of their fulfilment on the part of the professional. 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ارزیابی دانش و آگاهی کارکنان اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی (EMS) در تشخیص بیماران دچار سکته مغزی (استروک) Evaluation of the Knowledge of Prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Personnel in the Diagnosis of Stroke Patients 1 1 زمینه و هدف: بخشی از موارد مرگ ناشی از سکته مغزی (استروک) در محیط های خارج از بیمارستان رخ می‌دهد. لذا سیستم اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی نقش مهم و حیاتی در مدیریت بیماران دچار استروک دارد. مطالعه حاضر به ارزیابی دانش و آگاهی پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی ایلام در تشخیص بیماران دچار استروک و اقدامات لازم حین انتقال به بیمارستان می‌پردازد. روش‌ها: مطالعه مقطعی حاضر در بیمارستان‌ها و مراکز اوراژنس پیش‌بیمارستانی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام در سال 1400 انجام شد. برای سنجش دانش و آگاهی پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی در مورد استروک، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته حاوی 20 سوال، و همچنین اطلاعات دموگرافیک پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی همچون سن، جنسیت، رشته تحصیلی توسط ایشان تکمیل و با مراجعه حضوری محقق جمع‌آوری گردید. یافته‌ها: میانگین سنی 109 نفر از پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی 6/6±32/4 سال بود. اکثر پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی فارغ‌التحصیل مقطع کاردانی و رشته فوریتهای پزشکی بودند. میانگین امتیاز دانش و آگاهی پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی در مورد استروک برابر 3/5±16/9 از 20 بود که با توجه به معیار امتیازدهی، سطح آگاهی خیلی خوب برآورد گردید. البته سطح آگاهی خیلی ضعیف و ضعیف به ترتیب در 0/9 % (1 نفر) و 1/8 % (2 نفر) از پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی ثبت شد. هیچ ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میانگین سطح دانش و آگاهی پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی با رشته تحصیلی گزارش نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که سطح دانش و آگاهی پرسنل اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی ایلام در زمینه استروک مطلوب است، با این وجود دانش و آگاهی درصد بسیار کمی از افراد در سطح ضعیف یا خیلی ضعیف بود. انجام مطالعات بیشتری در این زمینه پیشنهاد می‌گردد. 2 Background and Aim: Some mortality due to stroke occur outside the hospital. Therefore, the pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) plays an important and vital role in the management of stroke patients. The present study evaluated the knowledge of prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in the diagnosis of stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in hospitals and pre-hospital EMS affiliated to Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran in 2022. In order to measure the knowledge and awareness of pre-hospital EMS personnel regarding stroke, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 20 questions, as well as demographic data such as age, gender, field of study was collected. Results: The mean age of 109 pre-hospital EMS personnel was 32.4±6.6 years old. Most of them were graduates of associate degree in emergency medicine. The mean score of knowledge obtained by the pre-hospital EMS personnel was 16.9±3.5 out of 20, which according to the grading, the knowledge level was estimated to be very good. Of course, very weak and weak level of awareness was recorded in 0.9% (n=1) and 1.8% (n=2) of pre-hospital EMS personnel, respectively. No significant relationship was recorded between the mean level of knowledge and field of study. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the level of knowledge of Ilam pre-hospital EMS personnel in the field of stroke is favorable, however, the knowledge of a very small percentage of them was at a weak or very weak level. It is recommended conducting more studies in this field. 40 46 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/182021/10/102022/08/22022/10/15 1401/7/23 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/22 1401/9/1 مهران کوچک Mehran Kouchek بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه، دانشکده پزشکی، بیمارستان امام حسین، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران mehrankouchek@yahoo.com میرمحمد میری MirMohammad Miri بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه، دانشکده پزشکی، بیمارستان امام حسین، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران dr.mmmiri@gmail.com احمد زاهدی Ahmad Zahedi گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام، ایلام، ایران zahrahmadi4326@gmail.com امیراحمد نصیری Amirahmad Nassiri بخش نفرولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، بیمارستان امام حسین، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران nassirimorad@yahoo.com Stroke Knowledge Emergency Medical Services (EMS). سکته مغزی (استروک) دانش اورژانس پیش‌بیمارستانی. 1. Wallenhorst C, Martinez C, Freedman B. Risk of ischemic stroke in asymptomatic atrial fibrillation incidentally detected in primary care compared with other clinical presentations. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2022;122(02):277-85.##2. Bernheisel CR, Schlaudecker JD, Leopold K. Subacute management of ischemic stroke. American family physician. 2011;84(12):1383-8. ##3. Huang P, Chen CH, Yang YH, Lin RT, Lin FC, Liu CK. Eligibility for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2006;22(5-6):423-8.##doi:10.1159/000094994 ##4. Sangi R, Sheikhshoei S. Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Personnel’s Knowledge in Diagnosing Patients with Cerebral Stroke and Necessary Measures during Transfer to Hospital. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(1): 44-49. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.140809. ##5. Traystman RJ, Kirsch JR, Koehler RC. Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion. J Appl Physiol. 1991; 71 (4):1185-1195. doi:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1185 ##6. Sharobeam A, Yan B. Advanced imaging in acute ischemic stroke: An updated guide to the hub-and-spoke hospitals. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2022; 35(1):24-30. ##7. Ezekowits J. Stroke: Strategies for primary prevention. Am Physician. 2003; 68 (12): 2379-86. ##8. Hacke W, Donnan G, Fieschi C, Kaste M, von Kummer R, et al. Association of outcome with early stroke treatment: pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS AND NINDS rt-PA stroke trials. Lancet. 2004; 363:768-774. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15692-4 ##9. Di Delupis FD, Mancini N, Di Nota T, Pisanelli P. Pre-hospital/emergency department handover in Italy. Internal and emergency medicine. 2015; 10 (1):63-72. doi:10.1007/s11739-014-1136-x ##10. Bost N, Crilly J, Patterson E, Chaboyer W. Clinical handover of patients arriving by ambulance to a hospital emergency department: a qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing. 2012; 20 (3):133-41. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2009.11.006 ##11. Singh JM, MacDonald RD, Bronskill SE, Schull MJ. Incidence and predictors of critical events during urgent air–medical transport. CMAJ. 2009; 181 (9):579-84. ##12. Bustamante A, Garcia-Berrocoso T, Rodriguez N, Llombart V, Ribo M, Molina C, Montaner J. Ischemic stroke outcome: A review of the influence of post-stroke complications within the different scenarios of stroke care. European journal of internal medicine. 2016;29:9-21. ##13. Fischer U, Arnold M, Nedeltchev K, Schoenenberger RA, Kappeler L, Höllinger P, et al. Impact of comorbidity on ischemic stroke outcome. Acta neurologica scandinavica. 2006;113(2):108-13.##14. TeuschI Y, Brainin M. Stroke education: discrepancies among factors influencing prehospital delay and stroke knowledge. International Journal of Stroke. 2010;5(3):187-208. ##15. McNamara MJ, Oser C, Gohdes D, Fogle CC, Dietrich DW, Burnett A, et al. Stroke knowledge among urban and frontier first responders and emergency medical technicians in Montana. The Journal of Rural Health. 2008; 24(2):189-93. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00157.x ##16. Crocco TJ, Kothari RU, Sayre MR, Liu T. A nationwide prehospital stroke survey. Prehospital Emergency Care. 1999;3(3):201-6.##doi:10.1080/10903129908958937 ##17. Rachdi Y, Lachkar A, Najib A, Yacoubi H. Surgical Treatment of Dupuytren's Disease by Aponeurectomy (15 Cases). Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 151-155. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.338456.1043. ##18. Kruyt ND, Biessels GJ, DeVries JH, Roos YB. Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke: pathophysiology and clinical management. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2010;6(3):145-55.## ##

‌مقایسه‌ میزان رضایت از زندگی و ابعاد پرخاشگری سربازان در حال خدمت در زندان‌ها بر اساس وضعیت تأهل و نوع ورزش (آبی یا زمینی) Comparison of Life Satisfaction and Aggression Dimensions of Soldiers Serving in Prisons Based on Marital Status and Type of Sport (Water or Land) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: محیط و شرایط سخت خدمت در زندان، سلامت روان سربازان را به مخاطره می اندازد و سطح پرخاشگری و رضایت از زندگی آنها را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه مقایسه میزان رضایت از زندگی و ابعاد پرخاشگری سربازان بر اساس نوع ورزش (آبی یا زمینی) و وضعیت تأهل آنها بود. روشها: جامعه آماری پژوهش تمامی کارکنان وظیفه در حال خدمت در سازمان زندانهای استان مازندران در سال 1400 بودند که سربازان 3 زندان بابل، ساری و تنکابن با نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند (169=n) و نهایتاً 153 پرسشنامه کامل تحلیل شد. داده‌ها با سه پرسشنامه اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی، رضایت از زندگی Diener و پرخاشگری Makarowski و با 3 بعد پیشبرد هدف، تخریب شخص و جرات ورزی جمع‌آوری شد. یافته ها: رضایت از زندگی سربازان رشته های زمینی و آبی با یکدیگر تفاوت معناداری دارد و سربازان رشته های آبی رضایت از زندگی بالاتری دارند (0.05>P). میانگین ابعاد پرخاشگری گروه ورزش های آبی کمتر از گروه ورزش های زمینی است که به‌جز بعد جرات ورزی ازنظر آماری معنادار است (0.05>P). سربازان مجرد نسبت به سربازان متأهل رضایت از زندگی بیشتری دارند اما این تفاوت به لحاظ آماری معنادار نیست (0.05<P). همچنین در میانگین ابعاد پرخاشگری سربازان متأهل و مجرد تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد (0.05<P). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج که نشان می دهد سربازان مشغول به خدمت در زندان رشته های ورزشی آبی نسبت به سربازان رشته های زمینی رضایت از زندگی بالاتر و ابعاد پرخاشگری کمتری دارند؛ به‌منظور افزایش رضایت از زندگی و کاهش پرخاشگری سربازان مشغول به خدمت در زندان پیشنهاد می شود برنامه‌های ورزشی آبی به‌صورت تفریحی و آموزشی جزء برنامه های اوقات فراغت سربازان قرار گیرد. 2 Background and Aim: The harsh environment and conditions of serving in prison endanger the mental health of soldiers and affect their level of aggression and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of life satisfaction and aggression dimensions of soldiers based on the type of sport (water or land) and their marital status. Methods: The statistical population was all soldiers serving in the Mazandaran prison organization, north of Iran, in 2022. The soldiers of 3 prisons, Babol, Sari, and Tonkabon, were selected as the research sample by random cluster sampling (n=169) and finally 153 complete questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected with three questionnaires; demographic information, Diener's life satisfaction and Makarowski's aggression, and with 3 dimensions going ahead, tripping up, and assertiveness. Results: The life satisfaction has a significant difference between land and water sports soldiers, and water sports soldiers have higher life satisfaction (P<0.05). The mean aggression dimensions of the water sports group is lower than the land sports group, which is statistically significant (P<0.05) except for the assertiveness dimension. Single soldiers are more satisfied with life than married soldiers, but this difference is not statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, there is no significant difference in the mean dimensions of aggression between married and single soldiers (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the current findings that showed water sports soldiers have higher life satisfaction and less aggressive dimensions than land sports soldiers, in order to increase life satisfaction and reduce soldiers' aggression, it is suggested that recreational and educational water sports programs should be part of the soldiers' leisure time programs. 47 55 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/182021/10/102022/08/22022/10/152022/08/7 1401/5/16 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/222022/11/11 1401/8/20 زینب ناصری Zeinab Naseri دانشگاه مازندران znaseri@umz.ac.ir فرزام فرزان Farzam Farzan گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران f.farzan@umz.ac.ir سید محمدحسین رضوی Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi دانشگاه مازندران m.razavi@umz.ac.ir Water Sports Assertiveness Mental Health Soldier Prison. ورزش های آبی جرات ورزی سلامت روان سرباز زندان. 1. Mohammadi FH. Descriptive review of the country's prisons and explanation of their problems. Correction and Rehabilitation. 2010;7 (85):43-47. ##2. Mousavi SG, Keramatian K, Maracy MR, Fouladi M. Suicidal ideation, depression, and aggression among students of three universities of isfahan, iran in 2008. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2012; 6(1):47-53.##3. Berkowitz L. On the formation and regulation of anger and aggression: A cognitive-neoassociationistic analysis. American Psychologist. 1990;45(4):494-503. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.494##4. Makarowski R, Plopa M, Skuzinska A, Marszall M. Questionnaire of aggressiveness in sport and business. Polish Journal of Social Science. 2012; 7 (1):7-36.##5. Makarowski R, Gorner K, Piotrowski A, Predoiu R, Predoiu A, Mitrache G, et al. The Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, and Spanish, adaptation of the Makarowski's Aggression Questionnaire for martial arts athletes. Arch Budo. 2021;17(1):75-108.##6. Makarowski R. Aggressiveness in sport- Measurement method. Journal of Physical Education and Sport (JPES). 2013;V(1):82-96. doi:10.7752/jpes.2013.03046##7. Zare M, and Kharmai F. Psychometric properties of adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scale. Psychological Methods and Models. 2016; 7(23): 39-56. doi:20.1001.1.22285516.1395.7.23.3.3##8. Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess. 1985; 49(1):71-5. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13##9. Diener E, Suh EM, Lucas RE, Smith HL. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin. 1999;125(2):276-302. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276##10. Morsal B. Managing and planning for Tehran's people participation in outdoor recreation; with attention to motivations, constraints, leisure and life satisfaction [dissertation]. Tehran: Iran. Islamic Azad University, 2014.##11. Karimi Khordeh N, Dehvan F, Dalvand S, Repišti S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Nurses. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.331630.1028##12. Ghadrdan R, Farzan F, Tabesh S. Evaluating the quality and methods of spending leisure time and sport activities among soldiers. Paramedical Sciences and Military Health. 2019;14(2):17-25##13. Sattarpour IF, Jamali GY, Hamed Moradikia, Hemmati L. Comparison of the effects of physical exercises and anger control skill on reducing male teenageers' aggression. J Rehab Med. 2019;7(4): 143-152. doi: 10.22037/jrm.2018.111171.1809##14. Bbayi Zarch G, Khabiri M, Soheilypoor S. Comparing Aggression between Singles Athletes (Contact, Non- Contact) and Individuals Non- Athlete. Sports Psychology, 2016; 1(1): 31-38. ##15. Miller AJ. Nova Scotia Outdoor Recreation Service Providers: Internal and External Influences when Creating and Developing Business Strategies. Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa; 2009.##16. Soleymani T, Noorbakhsh M, Alijani E. Effect of 12 Weeks Aerobic and Water Exercise on Quality of Life and Happiness in Non-athlete Middle Aged Women. Motor Behavior. 2012; 4 (10): 105-22.##17. Jafari Nodoushan Z, Mirhosseini H, Yamola M, Bidaki R, Hasibi E, Jafari A, et al. Effect of Neurofeedback on Anxiety, Dyslexia, and Dysgraphia in Elementary Students Afflicted with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder- a Pilot Study. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 81-88. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.327848.1018##18. Oh S, Lim JM, Kim Y, Kim M, Song W, Yoon B. Comparison of the effects of water- and land-based exercises on the physical function and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly people with history of falling: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;60(2):288-93. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.11.001##19. Medrado LN, Mendonça MLM, Budib MB, Oliveira-Junior SA, Martinez PF. Effectiveness of aquatic exercise in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis: systematic review. Rheumatol Int. 2022. doi:10.1007/s00296-022-05145-w##20. Carayannopoulos AG, Han A, Burdenko IN. The benefits of combining water and land-based therapy. J Exerc Rehabil. 2020;16(1):20-26. doi:10.12965/jer.1938742.371##21. Motevalian S, Noori Z, Hosseini S. The Relationship between Dimensions of Religiosity, Gender, and Marital Status and the Rate of Life Satisfaction among the Female and Male Students of the University of Mazandaran. Journal of Islam and Social Sciences. 2019;9(18):139-160. doi:10.30471/soci.2018.1461##22. Li W, Sun H, Xu W, Ma W, Yuan X, Niu Y, Kou C. Individual Social Capital and Life Satisfaction among Mainland Chinese Adults: Based on the 2016 China Family Panel Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):441. doi:10.3390/ijerph18020441##23. Karahmadi M, Esmaili N. Aggression and some of Its Demographic Correlates in Nurses of Pediatric Wards in Hospitals Affiliated to Isfahan Medical University. RBS. 2007; 5 (1): 33-37. doi:10.1001.1.17352029.1386.5.1.7.6##24. Baumann M, Tchicaya A, Lorentz N, Le Bihan E. Life satisfaction and longitudinal changes in physical activity, diabetes and obesity among patients with cardiovascular diseases. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):925. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4925-0##25. Mohammadpour E, Ebrahimi Belil F, Asghari S, Jabbari M. Investigating the Aggression and its related Factors in Ardabil School of Nursing and Midwifery Students in January 2019. JHC. 2021; 22 (4):318-326. doi:10.52547/jhc.22.4.318##26. Jahanbazi MR, Farzan F, Tabesh S. Life Satisfaction Assessment of Water Parks Employees in Isfahan Province. Proceeding of the 5th National Conference on Sports Science and Physical Education of Iran; 2019. Tehran: Iran, 2019. P1-7.##27. Akyurek G, Efe A, Aki E. Psychometric properties of the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale among Turkish people. 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ارزیابی درجه سمیت فلزات سنگین (سرب، کادمیوم، مس و روی) بر اجتماعات ماکروبنتوز در خلیج‌فارس Evaluation of the Degree of Toxicity of Heavy Metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc) on Macrobenthic Communities in the Persian Gulf 1 1 زمینه و هدف: تاسیسات اقتصادی و صنعتی در بندرعباس، در جنوب ایران در سه دهه گذشته بیش از پیش توسعه یافته و در نتیجه باعث افزایش ورود آلاینده‌های صنعتی به ویژه فلزات سنگین به اکوسیستم دریایی شده است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی درجه سمیت فلزات سنگین (سرب، کادمیوم، مس و روی) بر اجتماعات ماکروبنتوز در خلیج فارس شمالی، بندرعباس، ایران انجام شد. روش‌ها: برای ارزیابی درجه سمیت آلاینده‌های فلزات سنگین از جمله سرب، کادمیوم، مس و روی بر رسوبات و اجتماعات ماکروبنتوز موجود در آن، نمونه برداری در 9 ایستگاه با استفاده از یک دستگاه گرب ون وین در امتداد خط ساحلی بندرعباس در اسفند 98 و مرداد 99 انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی (PCA)، یک منبع صنعتی مشترک برای روی و مس مشخص کرد که TOM ممکن است ناقل این فلزات باشد. یک منبع رواناب شهری داخلی برای سرب و یک منبع صنعتی متفاوت از منبع مشترک روی و مس برای کادمیوم مشخص گردید. شاخص‌های منفرد محاسبه شده شامل شاخص تجمع جغرافیایی (Igeo)، فاکتور آلودگی (Cfi) و شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی (Eri) نشان دادند که تمام مناطق در مورد سرب، کادمیوم و مس در محدوده قابل توجه تا بسیار آلوده قرار دارند و در مورد Zn در محدوده با آلودگی کم در برخی از مناطق تا آلودگی متوسط برای برخی از مناطق دیگر بدست آمد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که رسوبات دریافت‌کننده فلزات سنگین (سرب، کادمیوم، مس و روی) برای جوامع ماکروبنتیک سمی هستند و باید کنترل بیشتری توسط مدیریت شهری در بندرعباس در این زمینه انجام شود. 2 Background and Aim: Economic and industrial facilities in Bandar Abbas, the south of Iran, have been more developed in the past three decades, and as a result, industrial pollutants, especially heavy metals, have released to the marine ecosystem. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the degree of toxicity of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) on macrobenthic communities in North Persian Gulf, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: To evaluate the degree of toxicity of heavy metal pollutants such as lead, cadmium, copper and zinc on sediments and macrobenthic communities, sampling was carried out at 9 stations using a Van Veen Grab device along the Bandar Abbas coastline in Feb and July 2020. Results: The results of the factor analysis (PCA) suggested a common industrial source for zinc and copper that TOM may be the carrier of these metals. A domestic urban runoff source suggested for lead, and an industrial source different from the common source of zinc and copper suggested for cadmium. The calculated individual indices including geographic accumulation index (Igeo), pollution factor (Cfi) and ecological risk index (Eri) showed that all regions are in the significant to highly polluted range for lead, cadmium and copper and in low pollution in some areas to moderate pollution for other areas for zinc. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that sediments receiving heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) are toxic for macrobenthic communities and more control should be done by the city management in Bandar Abbas in this regard. 56 65 2022/11/102021/09/222021/07/182021/10/102022/08/22022/10/152022/08/72022/07/15 1401/4/24 2022/11/282022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/112022/11/222022/11/112022/11/28 1401/9/7 کیوان اجلالی خانقاه Keivan Ejlali Khanghah پژوهشکده اکولوژی خلیج فارس و دریای عمان، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران k_ejlali@yahoo.com سعید تمدنی جهرمی Saeed Tamadoni Jahromi تحقیقات و آوزش و ترویج کشاورزی stamadoni@gmail.com حسین جعفری Hossein Jafari دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله، تهران، ایران mokhtabad20012002@yahoo.com سجاد پورمظفر Sajjad Pourmozaffar موسسه تحقیقاتی شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی Sajjad5550@gmail.com شهره رشیدی Shohreh Rashidi اداره کل شیلات هرمزگان rashidishohreh@yahoo.com Toxicity Macrobenthos Persian Gulf Heavy Metals سمیت ماکروبنتوز خلیج فارس فلزات سنگین. 1. 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