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مروری بر منابع و منشا میکروپلاستیک‌ها در محیط زیست دریایی و تاثیرات بر آبزیان A Review of the Sources and Origins of Microplastics in the Marine Environment and Their Effects on Aquatic Life 1 1 میکروپلاستیک‌ها قطعات کوچکی از زباله‌های پلاستیکی هستند که در مقیاس جهانی در محیط ­زیست انباشته شده‌اند. این زباله‌ها از انتشار مستقیم ذرات پلاستیکی و همچنین تکه تکه شدن اقلام پلاستیکی بزرگتر ایجاد می­شوند. میکروپلاستیک‌ها در زیستگاه‌های دریایی از قطب‌ها تا استوا، از سطح دریا و خط ساحلی تا اعماق دریا پراکنش دارند. آنها توسط طیف وسیعی از موجودات زنده از جمله ماهیان و دوکفه ­ای­ های مهم و تجاری بلعیده می‌شوند. در برخی از جمعیت­ها میزان مصرف میکروپلاستیک‌ها بسیار زیاد است که می‌تواند اثرات سمی یا فیزیکی مضری داشته باشد. با این حال، درک ما از اهمیت نسبی این اثرات در جمعیت‌های مختلف بسیار محدود است. به نظر می‌رسد که مقدار میکروپلاستیک‌ها در محیط در حال افزایش باشد و این امری اجتناب ناپذیر است، زیرا حتی اگر بتوان از ورود مواد جدید پلاستیک به اقیانوس جلوگیری کرد، تکه تکه شدن اقلام پلاستیکی موجود برای سال‌های آینده ادامه خواهد داشت. واژه میکروپلاستیک برای یک دهه است که مورد استفاده قرار گرفته، و سؤالات زیادی در مورد میزان تأثیرات مضر آنها ایجاد نموده است. راه‌حل‌هایی برای کاهش این آلودگی در دسترس است، با این وجود مطالعات زیادی در این زمینه در جریان است. هم افزایی قابل توجهی در طراحی‌های نوین اقلام پلاستیکی و بازیافت کارآمد آنها در پایان عمر وجود دارد، زیرا جمع‌آوری زباله برای بازیافت باعث کاهش استفاده از نفت و گاز تجدیدناپذیر مورد استفاده در تولید پلاستیک های جدید می‌شود و در عین حال انباشت میکروپلاستیک‌ها را در محیط زیست کاهش می‌دهد. 2 Microplastics are small pieces of plastic waste that are accumulated in the environment on a global scale. This waste is generated by the direct release of plastic particles as well as the fragmentation of larger plastic items. Microplastics are distributed in marine habitats from the poles to the equator, from the sea surface and the shoreline to the depths of the sea. They are swallowed by a wide range of living organisms, including important commercial fish and bivalves. In some populations, the consumption of microplastics is very high, which can have toxic or physical side effects. However, our understanding of the relative importance of these side effects in different populations is very limited. The amount of microplastics in the environment seems to be increasing, and this is inevitable because even if new plastic materials can be prevented from entering the ocean, the fragmentation of existing plastic items will continue in the future years. The term microplastics have been used for a decade and has raised many questions about its harmful effects. Some solutions are available to reduce this pollution, however many studies are ongoing in this area. There is significant synergy in the new designs and production of plastic items and their efficient recycling because waste recycling reduces the use of non-renewable oil and gas energy in the production of new plastics and at the same time reduces the accumulation of microplastics in the environment. 79 87 2022/04/26 1401/2/6 2022/05/19 1401/2/29 محمد ولایت زاده Mohammad Velayatzadeh گروه ایمنی صنعتی، موسسه آموزش عالی کاسپین، قزوین، ایران mv.5908@gmail.com Microplastic Marine Ecosystems Toxicity Plastic Waste. میکروپلاستیک اکوسیستم های دریایی سمیت زباله‌های پلاستیکی. 1. Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 3060-3075. doi:10.1021/es2031505##2. Thompson, R. C., Olsen, Y., Mitchell, R. P., Davis, A., Rowland, S. 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اهمیت خودمراقبتی در حملات بیوتروریسم The Importance of Self-Care in Bioterrorism Attacks 1 1 زمینه و هدف: بیوتروریسم، استفاده عمدی از عوامل بیولوژیک شدیداً بیماری زا شامل انواعی از میکروارگانیسم‌ها یا سموم بیولوژیک است که عده کثیری از مردم را به کام مرگ می‌کشد. با آموزش برنامه‌های خودمراقبتی در مورد بیوتروریسم و عوامل آن می‌توان تا حدودی از عوارض و عواقب شدید اقدامات بیوتروریستی کاست. در مطالعه حاضر اهمیت و نقش برنامه‌های خودمراقبتی در حملات بیوتروریسم ترسیم شده است. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری، جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با برنامه‌های خودمراقبتی در حملات بیوتروریسم در منابع کتابخانه‌ای و بانک‌های اطلاعاتی Google, SID ,Google Scholar , ,Science Direct Civilica و پایگاه اینترنتیCDC  طی سالهای 2015 تا 2020 انجام شد. در جستجوی مقالات؛ از کلمات کلیدی عوامل میکروبی، بیوتروریسم، جنگ بیولوژیک، خودمراقبتی و خودامدادی، بیولومینسانس، نانوسنسور و آشکارساز و آموزش استفاده گردید. مطالعات بدست آمده در راستای اهداف مطالعه، بررسی و ارزیابی نقادانه شد. یافته‌ها: در جستجوی انجام شده تعداد 186 مقاله بدست آمد. پس از حذف مقالات فاقد متن کامل، 91 مقاله باقی ماند. در مرحله غربالگری با توجه به ارتباط عنوان و خلاصه مقالات تعداد 34 مورد حذف شد. سپس تعداد 23 مقاله بدلیل غیرمعتبر بودن متدولوژی، عدم همخوانی عنوان و متن از مطالعه حذف و در نهایت تعداد 34 مقاله ارزیابی نقادانه شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نقش موثر آموزش در برنامه‌های خودمراقبتی برای مقابله با عوامل بیوتروریسم؛ توصیه می‌شود تا علاوه بر رسانه ملی، این برنامه‌های آموزشی در سر فصل دروس تمام رشته‌های دانشگاهی گنجانده شود. 2 Background and Aim: Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of highly pathogenic biological agents including a variety of microorganisms or biological toxins that kill a large number of people. By training self-care programs about bioterrorism, the severe effects and consequences of bioterrorism actions can be reduced to some extent. The present study outlines the importance and role of self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks. Methods: In this review, published papers related to self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks were searched in the library resources and databases of Google, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Civilica and the CDC website from 2015 to 2020. Keywords of microbial agents, bioterrorism, biological warfare, self-care and self-rescue, bioluminescence, nanosensor and detector and training were used. The retrieved papers were critically reviewed and evaluated in line with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 186 papers were found in the search. After excluding the papers without full text, 91 articles remained. In the screening stage, 34 papers were removed due to the non-relevance of the title and abstracts. Then 23 papers were removed due to invalid methodology, inconsistency of title and text, and finally, 34 papers were critically evaluated. Conclusion: Considering the effective role of training in self-care programs to deal with bioterrorism agents; it is recommended that in addition to the national media, these programs be included in the curriculum of all academic disciplines 88 100 2022/04/262021/06/30 1400/4/9 2022/05/192022/03/6 1400/12/15 فاطمه حبیبی Fatemeh Habibi دانشگاه بقیت الله fatemeh.1981h@gmail.com لیلا لطفیان Leila Lotfian دانشگاه بقیت الله بیمارستان 502 ارتش leila.lotfian@yahoo.com حجت نیک نام سرابی Hojat Niknam Sarabi بیمارستان 502 offace92@gmail.com محمد نوبخت Mohammad Nobakht مرکز تحقیقات طب دریا، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله، تهران، ایران marinemedicine@gmail.com Microbial Agents Bioterrorism Biological Warfare Self-Care Training. عوامل میکروبی بیوتروریسم جنگ بیولوژیک خودمراقبتی آموزش. 1. Wagar E. Bioterrorism and the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory. 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New England Journal of Medicine. 2015; 372(10):954-62. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1409755##13. Martinez M, Rose E. Potential Bioterrorism Agents with Mucocutaneous Findings (Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia, Smallpox). Life-Threatening Rashes: Springer; 2018. p. 301-18. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75623-3_22##14. Omatreza S, Moshtagh Eshgh Z, Eshagh M, Hekmatafshar M, Naieni Mohamad K. Effect of educational program based on "orem self care model" on quality of life in patients with migraine. Journal of health promotion management (JHPM). 2014;3(1 (9)##15. Nofal A, AlFayyad I, AlJerian N, Alowais J, AlMarshady M, Khan A, et al. Knowledge and Preparedness of Healthcare Providers Towards Bioterrorism. Available at SSRN 3552866. 2020. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3552866##16. Brewer CA, Hutton A, Hammad KS, Geale SK. A feasibility study on disaster preparedness in regional and rural emergency departments in New South Wales: Nurses self-assessment of knowledge, skills and preparation for disaster management. Australasian emergency care. 2020;23(1):29-36. doi:10.1016/j.auec.2019.12.005##17. Said NB, Chiang VC. The knowledge, skill competencies, and psychological preparedness of nurses for disasters: A systematic review. International emergency nursing. 2020; 48:100806. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100806##18. Janik E, Ceremuga M, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M. Biological toxins as the potential tools for bioterrorism. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20(5):1181. doi:10.3390/ijms20051181##19. Atakro CA, Addo SB, Aboagye JS, Blay AA, Amoa-Gyarteng KG, Menlah A, et al. Nurses' and Medical Officers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Preparedness Toward Potential Bioterrorism Attacks. SAGE Open Nursing. 2019;5. doi:10.1177/2377960819844378##20. Altman RL, Santucci KA, Anderson MR, McDonnell WM. Understanding liability risks and protections for pediatric providers during disasters. Pediatrics. 2019;143(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3892##21. Artika IM, Ma'roef CN. Laboratory biosafety for handling emerging viruses. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2017; 7(5):483-91. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.020##22. Oh N, Hong N, Ryu DH, Bae SG, Kam S, Kim K-Y. Exploring Nursing Intention, Stress, and Professionalism in Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies: The Experience of Local Public Hospital Nurses During the 2015 MERS Outbreak in South Korea. Asian Nursing Research. 2017;11(3):230-6. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2017.08.005##23. Fogel I, David O, Balik CH, Eisenkraft A, Poles L, Shental O, et al. The association between self-perceived proficiency of personal protective equipment and objective performance: An observational study during a bioterrorism simulation drill. American journal of infection control. 2017; 45(11):1238-42. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.05.018##24. Brannen DE, Branum M, Pawani S, Miller S, Bowman J, Clare T. Medical allocations to persons with special needs during a bioterrorism event. Online journal of public health informatics. 2016; 8(3). doi:10.5210/ojphi.v8i3.6977##25. Bahreini Moghadam SA, Hamzeh Pour S, Toorchi M, Sefidi Heris Y. Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian Red Crescent Society Volunteers in Dealing with Bioterrorist attacks. Emerg (Tehran). 2016;4(1):16-20.##26. Torabi-Parizi P, Davey RT, Suffredini AF, Chertow DS. Ethical and Practical Considerations in Providing Critical Care to Patients With Ebola Virus Disease. Chest. 2015;147(6):1460-6. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0278##27. Saleh J-EA, Ningi NB, Bashir DB, Dahiru H, Bello IM. Incorporating Tele-Health Into Disease Surveillance. Science. 2015;3(4):583-7. doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.28##28. Renn-Żurek A, Łopacińska I, Tokarski Z, Denys A. Assessment of bioterrorism awareness in a group of nurses. MicroMedicine. 2015; 3(1):20-5.##29. Balali-Mood M, Moshiri M, Etemad L. Medical aspects of bio-terrorism. Toxicon. 2013;69:131-42. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.005##30. Atlas RM. Bioterrorism: from threat to reality. Annual Reviews in Microbiology. 2002; 56(1):167-85. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160616##31. Echeonwu BC, Nwankiti OO, Chollom SC, Olawuyi KA. Bioterrorism threat: A review of microbial forensics source-tracing of some bioterrorism agents. Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine. 2018;4(3):161.##32. Kamara K. Ebola: In search of a new metaphor. Futures. 2016;84:193-200. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.017##33. Nagaraajan V. Chapter 14 - Planning for protection of civilians against bioterrorism. In: Flora SJS, Pachauri V, editors. Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness: Academic Press; 2020. p. 273-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812026-2.00014-1##34. Green MS, LeDuc J, Cohen D, Franz DR. Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2019;19(1):e2-e13. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30298-6##35. Pillay V. 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Goel AK. Anthrax: a disease of biowarfare and public health importance. World Journal of Clinical Cases: WJCC. 2015;3(1):20. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.20##42. Banerjee D, Chakraborty B, Chakraborty B. Anthrax: Where margins are merging between emerging threats and bioterrorism. Indian journal of dermatology. 2017;62(5):456.##43. Mansoori N, Pourmand MR. Vaccines and vaccine candidates against brucellosis. Infection, Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2016;2(4):32-6. doi:10.18869/modares.iem.2.4.32 ##44. Kwon EH, Reisler RB, Cardile AP, Cieslak TJ, D'Onofrio MJ, Hewlett AL, et al. Distinguishing Respiratory Features of Category A/B Potential Bioterrorism Agents from Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Health security. 2018;16(4):224-38. doi:10.1089/hs.2018.0017##45. Maurin M. Francisella tularensis as a potential agent of bioterrorism? : Taylor & Francis; 2015.##46. Rega P, Guinness M, McMahon C. Tularemia-A Review with Concern for Bioterrorism. Medical Research Archives. 2017; 5(8).##47. 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A feasibility study on disaster preparedness in regional and rural emergency departments in New South Wales: Nurses self-assessment of knowledge, skills and preparation for disaster management. Australasian emergency care. 2020;23(1):29-36. doi:10.1016/j.auec.2019.12.005##17. Said NB, Chiang VC. The knowledge, skill competencies, and psychological preparedness of nurses for disasters: A systematic review. International emergency nursing. 2020; 48:100806. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100806##18. Janik E, Ceremuga M, Saluk-Bijak J, Bijak M. Biological toxins as the potential tools for bioterrorism. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20(5):1181. doi:10.3390/ijms20051181##19. Atakro CA, Addo SB, Aboagye JS, Blay AA, Amoa-Gyarteng KG, Menlah A, et al. Nurses' and Medical Officers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Preparedness Toward Potential Bioterrorism Attacks. SAGE Open Nursing. 2019;5. doi:10.1177/2377960819844378##20. Altman RL, Santucci KA, Anderson MR, McDonnell WM. Understanding liability risks and protections for pediatric providers during disasters. Pediatrics. 2019;143(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3892##21. Artika IM, Ma'roef CN. Laboratory biosafety for handling emerging viruses. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2017; 7(5):483-91. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.020##22. Oh N, Hong N, Ryu DH, Bae SG, Kam S, Kim K-Y. Exploring Nursing Intention, Stress, and Professionalism in Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies: The Experience of Local Public Hospital Nurses During the 2015 MERS Outbreak in South Korea. Asian Nursing Research. 2017;11(3):230-6. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2017.08.005##23. Fogel I, David O, Balik CH, Eisenkraft A, Poles L, Shental O, et al. The association between self-perceived proficiency of personal protective equipment and objective performance: An observational study during a bioterrorism simulation drill. American journal of infection control. 2017; 45(11):1238-42. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.05.018##24. Brannen DE, Branum M, Pawani S, Miller S, Bowman J, Clare T. Medical allocations to persons with special needs during a bioterrorism event. Online journal of public health informatics. 2016; 8(3). doi:10.5210/ojphi.v8i3.6977##25. Bahreini Moghadam SA, Hamzeh Pour S, Toorchi M, Sefidi Heris Y. Knowledge and Attitude of Iranian Red Crescent Society Volunteers in Dealing with Bioterrorist attacks. Emerg (Tehran). 2016;4(1):16-20.##26. Torabi-Parizi P, Davey RT, Suffredini AF, Chertow DS. Ethical and Practical Considerations in Providing Critical Care to Patients With Ebola Virus Disease. Chest. 2015;147(6):1460-6. doi:10.1378/chest.15-0278##27. Saleh J-EA, Ningi NB, Bashir DB, Dahiru H, Bello IM. Incorporating Tele-Health Into Disease Surveillance. Science. 2015;3(4):583-7. doi:10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.28##28. Renn-Żurek A, Łopacińska I, Tokarski Z, Denys A. Assessment of bioterrorism awareness in a group of nurses. MicroMedicine. 2015; 3(1):20-5.##29. Balali-Mood M, Moshiri M, Etemad L. Medical aspects of bio-terrorism. Toxicon. 2013;69:131-42. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.005##30. Atlas RM. Bioterrorism: from threat to reality. Annual Reviews in Microbiology. 2002; 56(1):167-85. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160616##31. Echeonwu BC, Nwankiti OO, Chollom SC, Olawuyi KA. Bioterrorism threat: A review of microbial forensics source-tracing of some bioterrorism agents. Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine. 2018;4(3):161.##32. Kamara K. Ebola: In search of a new metaphor. Futures. 2016;84:193-200. doi:10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.017##33. Nagaraajan V. Chapter 14 - Planning for protection of civilians against bioterrorism. In: Flora SJS, Pachauri V, editors. Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness: Academic Press; 2020. p. 273-8. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812026-2.00014-1##34. Green MS, LeDuc J, Cohen D, Franz DR. Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2019;19(1):e2-e13. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30298-6##35. Pillay V. Current views on antidotal therapy in managing cases of poisoning and overdose. JAPI. 2008; 56:881-92.##36. Dear J. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects. Churchill Livingstone: London, UK; 2014.##37. Aruwa CE, Mukaila YO, Ajao AA-n, Sabiu S. An Appraisal of Antidotes' Effectiveness: Evidence of the Use of Phyto-Antidotes and Biotechnological Advancements. Molecules. 2020;25(7):1516. doi:10.3390/molecules25071516##38. Dines A, Dargan P, Nash S. Poisoning. Hospital Pharmacist. 2007;50(14):10.##39. Matson L, Dunn E, Haines K, Miller-Smith S, Lee-Stubbs R, Whitten K, et al. Evaluation of first-line anticonvulsants to treat nerve agent-induced seizures and prevent neuropathology in adult and pediatric rats. Neurotoxicology. 2019; 74:203-8. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.006##40. Wanying C, Alain G, Angel R. Modeling the logistics response to a bioterrorist anthrax attack. European Journal of Operational Research. 2016;254(2):458-71. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2016.03.052##41. Goel AK. Anthrax: a disease of biowarfare and public health importance. World Journal of Clinical Cases: WJCC. 2015;3(1):20. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.20##42. Banerjee D, Chakraborty B, Chakraborty B. Anthrax: Where margins are merging between emerging threats and bioterrorism. Indian journal of dermatology. 2017;62(5):456.##43. Mansoori N, Pourmand MR. Vaccines and vaccine candidates against brucellosis. Infection, Epidemiology and Microbiology. 2016;2(4):32-6. doi:10.18869/modares.iem.2.4.32 ##44. Kwon EH, Reisler RB, Cardile AP, Cieslak TJ, D'Onofrio MJ, Hewlett AL, et al. Distinguishing Respiratory Features of Category A/B Potential Bioterrorism Agents from Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Health security. 2018;16(4):224-38. doi:10.1089/hs.2018.0017##45. Maurin M. Francisella tularensis as a potential agent of bioterrorism? : Taylor & Francis; 2015.##46. Rega P, Guinness M, McMahon C. Tularemia-A Review with Concern for Bioterrorism. Medical Research Archives. 2017; 5(8).##47. Pal M, Tsegaye M, Girzaw F, Bedada H, Godishala V, Kandi V. An overview on biological weapons and bioterrorism. American Journal of Biomedical Research. 2017;5(2):24-34. doi:10.12691/ajbr-5-2-2##48. Gunaratne ND. The Ebola virus and the threat of bioterrorism. Fletcher F World Aff. 2015;39:63.##49. Foster SA, Parker S, Lanier R. The role of brincidofovir in preparation for a potential smallpox outbreak. Viruses. 2017;9(11):320. doi:10.3390/v9110320##50. Flora S. Biological warfare agents: History and modern-day relevance. Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness: Elsevier; 2020. p. 1-11. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-812026-2.00001-3##51. Frazier D, Weinstein H, Bongar B. Bioterrorism: Psychological imPlications of Biological WeaPons agents and mass contagion. Countering Terrorism: Psychosocial Strategies. 2012:161. ##52. Temte JL, Grasmick ME. Recruiting primary care clinicians for public health and bioterrorism surveillance. WMJ: official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. 2009;108(2):104-8.##53. Mohammadi M, Firouzkouhi MR, Abdollahimohammad A, Shivanpour M. The Challenges of Pre-Hospital Emergency Personnel in Sistan Area: A Qualitative Study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2019; 8(3): 221-30. ##54. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care. GuidelineI.World Health Organization. 2014##55. Rahmani M, Ayoobi F, Assar S, Jalalpour S, Rezaeian M. Presentation of the Guideline of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. JRUMS. 2017; 16 (3): 257-274##56. Riedel S, editor Biological warfare and bioterrorism: a historical review. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings; 2004: Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/08998280.2004.11928002##57. Ferrer J, Prats C, López D. 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ارتباط نگرش مذهبی با سلامت اجتماعی در دانشجویان دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار The Relationship between Religious Attitude and Social Health in Students of Chabahar Maritime University 1 1 زمینه و هدف: در میان اقشار مختلف، دانشجویان سرمایه انسانی محسوب می‌شوند که سرنوشت آینده جامعه را در دست دارند و تلاش برای ارتقاء سلامت این گروه، زمینه را برای تحقق یک زندگی پویا و سالم فراهم می‌آورد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین ارتباط نگرش مذهبی با سلامت اجتماعی در دانشجویان دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار انجام شد. روش‌ها: این مطالعه توصیفی از نوع همبستگی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این مطالعه را 360 نفر از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار در سال 1400 بودند. از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای استفاده شد. جمع آوری اطلاعات با تکمیل سه پرسشنامه دموگرافیک، نگرش مذهبی و سلامت اجتماعی انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین نمره نگرش مذهبی و سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان به ترتیب 9/5±134/7 و 7/7±79/3 بود. بین وضعیت تاهل با سلامت اجتماعی ارتباط آماری معناداری مشاهده شد. همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین دینداری و سلامت اجتماعی همبستگی مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش دانشجویانی که از نگرش مذهبی بالاتری برخوردارند سلامت اجتماعی بهتری دارند. سیاستگذاران بخش سلامت دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار باید توجه و تقویت جاذبه‌های معنوی و دینی را در برنامه‌های مراقبت و ارتقاء سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان بگنجانند. 2 Background and Aim: Among different groups, students are considered human capital who are in charge of the future of society, and the efforts to promote the health of this group provide the ground for the realization of a dynamic and healthy life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious attitude and social health in students of Chabahar Maritime University. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was 360 students studying at Chabahar Maritime University, Iran in 2022. A stratified random sampling method was used. Data were collected by completing three questionnaires: demographic, religious attitudes, and social health. Results: The mean scores of students' religious attitude and social health were 134.7±9.5 and 97.3±7.7, respectively. There was a significant relationship between marital status and social health. Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between religiosity and social health. Conclusion: According to the current findings, students with higher religious attitudes have better social health. Policymakers in Chabahar Maritime University should pay attention to spiritual and religious attractions in the social health promotion programs for students. 101 107 2022/04/262021/06/302022/04/25 1401/2/5 2022/05/192022/03/62022/05/26 1401/3/5 آمنه مرزبان Ameneh Marzban گروه سلامت در بلایا و فوریت‌ها، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران amenemarzban@yahoo.com Religious Attitude Social Health Students Maritime Marine Science. نگرش مذهبی سلامت اجتماعی دانشجویان دریانوردی علوم دریایی. 1. Kanstrup AM, Bertelsen PS, Nunez HC, Jonasen TS, Stage J, editors. MOVE: a mobile app designed for social health relations in residential areas. Medical Informatics Europe, MIE 2018; 2018: IOS Press.##2. Northwood M, Ploeg J, Markle‐Reid M, Sherifali D. Integrative review of the social determinants of health in older adults with multimorbidity. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018;74(1):45-60. doi:10.1111/jan.13408 ##3. Pi J, Sun Y, Xu M, Su S, Weng M. Neighborhood social determinants of public health: Analysis of three prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases in Shenzhen, China. Social Indicators Research. 2018; 135(2):683-98. doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1509-9 ##4. Karimi Khordeh N, Dehvan F, Dalvand S, Repišti S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Nurses. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.331630.1028##5. Maghsoudi A, Tabrizi R, Haghdoost A, Eslami Shahrebabaki M. The Study of general health status and its affecting factors on students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. 2014;1(1):59-67. ##6. MacLachlan M, Kavanagh B, Kay A. Maritime health: a review with suggestions for research. International Maritime Health. 2012;63(1):1-6. ##7. Slišković A, Penezić Z. Occupational stressors, risks and health in the seafaring population. Review of psychology. 2015;22(1-2):29-40. doi:10.21465/rp0022.0004 ##8. Damari B, Nasehei A, Vosoogh Moghaddam A. What should we do for improving Iranian social health? Situational analysis, national strategies and role of ministry of health and medical education. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2013;11(1):45-58. ##9. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035##10. Rad F. Religion and Social Health: A Study of Religious Relationship with Social Health. Social Sience. 2015;2(12):137-68. ##11. Serajzade H, Javaheri F, Velayatikhaje S. Religion and Health: An Examination of the Effect of Religiousness on Health Among the Students. Applied sociology. 2013;24(1):55-77. ##12. A M. Social factors related to social intelligence of Yazd University students: Government- Yazd University - Faculty of Social Sciences. Ministry of Science, Research, Technology. 2016. ##13. Marzban A, Rahmanian V, Servat F, Barzegaran M. Relationship between religious attitude to water conservation in adolescents: a cross. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019;12(3):409-22. ##14. Heidari GH H, Ghanaei Z. The normalization of well-being social inventory. Andishah va Raftar. 2008;7(2):31-40. ##15. Dehbashi F, Sabzevari S, Tirgari B. The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in Hemodialysis patients referring to the Khatam Anbiya hospital in Zahedan 2013-2014. Medical Ethics Journal. 2015;9(30):77-97. ##16. Asayesh H, Zamanian H, Mirgheisari A. Spiritual Well-being and religious coping strategies among hemodialysis patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2013;1(1):48-54. ##17. Hojjati H, Qorbani M, Nazari R, Sharifnia H, Akhundzadeh G. On the relationship between prayer frequency and spiritual health in patients under hemodialysis-therapy. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010;12(2):46. ##18. Borji M, Malek M, Azammi M, Bastami MR, Aazammi S. Evaluation of Spiritual Health Status and Its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics of Hemodialysis Patients. Religion and Health. 2016;3(2):1-8. ##19. Shokohifar M, Falahzadeh H. Determination quality of lifein patients with type II diabetes andpresentation a structural model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(116):84-92. ##20. Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad G, ghajari H, Ghofranipour f, Lotfizadeh m. Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;17(5):345-52. ##21. Afshani SA, Shiri Mohammadabad H. The Relationship between Religiosity and Social Health among Women in the City of Yazd. Journal of Payavard Salamat. 2017;11(3):66-74. ##22. Serajzadeh S, Javaheri F, Velayati Khajeh S. Religion and health: An examination of the effect of religiosity on health in a sample of university students. Applied Sociology. 2013;24(1):55-77. ##23. Jeżewska M, Jaremin B, Leszczyńska I. Health promotion in maritime environment-training of leaders. International maritime health. 2007;58(1-4): 129-37. ##24. Haery SM, Tehrani H, Olyaeimanesh A, Nedjat S. Factors influencing the social health of employees of the ministry of health and medical education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2016;3(4):311-8.##1. Kanstrup AM, Bertelsen PS, Nunez HC, Jonasen TS, Stage J, editors. MOVE: a mobile app designed for social health relations in residential areas. Medical Informatics Europe, MIE 2018; 2018: IOS Press.##2. Northwood M, Ploeg J, Markle‐Reid M, Sherifali D. Integrative review of the social determinants of health in older adults with multimorbidity. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2018;74(1):45-60. doi:10.1111/jan.13408 ##3. Pi J, Sun Y, Xu M, Su S, Weng M. Neighborhood social determinants of public health: Analysis of three prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases in Shenzhen, China. Social Indicators Research. 2018; 135(2):683-98. doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1509-9 ##4. Karimi Khordeh N, Dehvan F, Dalvand S, Repišti S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Nurses. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.331630.1028##5. Maghsoudi A, Tabrizi R, Haghdoost A, Eslami Shahrebabaki M. The Study of general health status and its affecting factors on students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. 2014;1(1):59-67. ##6. MacLachlan M, Kavanagh B, Kay A. Maritime health: a review with suggestions for research. International Maritime Health. 2012;63(1):1-6. ##7. Slišković A, Penezić Z. Occupational stressors, risks and health in the seafaring population. Review of psychology. 2015;22(1-2):29-40. doi:10.21465/rp0022.0004 ##8. Damari B, Nasehei A, Vosoogh Moghaddam A. What should we do for improving Iranian social health? Situational analysis, national strategies and role of ministry of health and medical education. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2013;11(1):45-58. ##9. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035##10. Rad F. Religion and Social Health: A Study of Religious Relationship with Social Health. Social Sience. 2015;2(12):137-68. ##11. Serajzade H, Javaheri F, Velayatikhaje S. Religion and Health: An Examination of the Effect of Religiousness on Health Among the Students. Applied sociology. 2013;24(1):55-77. ##12. A M. Social factors related to social intelligence of Yazd University students: Government- Yazd University - Faculty of Social Sciences. Ministry of Science, Research, Technology. 2016. ##13. Marzban A, Rahmanian V, Servat F, Barzegaran M. Relationship between religious attitude to water conservation in adolescents: a cross. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2019;12(3):409-22. ##14. Heidari GH H, Ghanaei Z. The normalization of well-being social inventory. Andishah va Raftar. 2008;7(2):31-40. ##15. Dehbashi F, Sabzevari S, Tirgari B. The relationship between spiritual well-being and hope in Hemodialysis patients referring to the Khatam Anbiya hospital in Zahedan 2013-2014. Medical Ethics Journal. 2015;9(30):77-97. ##16. Asayesh H, Zamanian H, Mirgheisari A. Spiritual Well-being and religious coping strategies among hemodialysis patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2013;1(1):48-54. ##17. Hojjati H, Qorbani M, Nazari R, Sharifnia H, Akhundzadeh G. On the relationship between prayer frequency and spiritual health in patients under hemodialysis-therapy. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2010;12(2):46. ##18. Borji M, Malek M, Azammi M, Bastami MR, Aazammi S. Evaluation of Spiritual Health Status and Its Relationship with Demographic Characteristics of Hemodialysis Patients. Religion and Health. 2016;3(2):1-8. ##19. Shokohifar M, Falahzadeh H. Determination quality of lifein patients with type II diabetes andpresentation a structural model. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(116):84-92. ##20. Shahbazi H, Shakerinejad G, ghajari H, Ghofranipour f, Lotfizadeh m. Relationship of Spirituality and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;17(5):345-52. ##21. Afshani SA, Shiri Mohammadabad H. The Relationship between Religiosity and Social Health among Women in the City of Yazd. Journal of Payavard Salamat. 2017;11(3):66-74. ##22. Serajzadeh S, Javaheri F, Velayati Khajeh S. Religion and health: An examination of the effect of religiosity on health in a sample of university students. Applied Sociology. 2013;24(1):55-77. ##23. Jeżewska M, Jaremin B, Leszczyńska I. Health promotion in maritime environment-training of leaders. International maritime health. 2007;58(1-4): 129-37. ##24. Haery SM, Tehrani H, Olyaeimanesh A, Nedjat S. Factors influencing the social health of employees of the ministry of health and medical education in Iran. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion. 2016;3(4):311-8. ##

پیش‌بینی سلامت روان کارکنان ناجا بر اساس مؤلفه‌های افکار تکرار شونده‌ منفی (مورد مطالعه شهر تهران) Predicting the Mental Health of Police Officers based on the Components of Repetitive Negative Thinking (Case Study of Tehran, Iran) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ارتقای سلامت روان در هر یک از دوره ­های زندگی، کیفیت زندگی را بهبود بخشیده و ثمرات زیادی برای یک جامعه به بار می‌آورد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش‌بینی سلامت روان کارکنان ناجا بر اساس مؤلفه­ های افکار تکرار شونده منفی انجام شد. روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کارکنان نیروی انتظامی (ناجا) استان تهران شاغل به خدمت در سال 1400 بود که به روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس تعداد 203 نفر انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های افکار تکرار شونده منفی مک اوی و همکاران (2010) و پرسشنامه سلامت روان گلدبرگ (1979) استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان می­دهد که 60 درصد از تغییرات سلامت روان در کارکنان ناجا در شهر تهران توسط مؤلفه­ های افکار تکرار شونده منفی پیش‌بینی می‌شود. بر این اساس مدل رگرسیونی در سطح معنادار است (0/001>P). نتیجه‌گیری: می­توان نتیجه گرفت که مؤلفه­ های افکار تکرار شونده منفی قادرند سلامت روان کارکنان ناجا را با تهدید مواجهه سازند. از این رو پیشنهاد می‌گردد مسئولین ذی­صلاح به نقش مخرب چنین عواملی بر سلامت روان کارکنان توجه ویژه‌ای داشته باشند و برنامه‌های حمایتی را برای مقابله با آنها در نظر بگیرند. 2 Background and Aim: Promoting mental health in each stages of life improves the quality of life and brings numerous benefits to human society. The aim of this study was to predict the mental health of Iranian police officers based on the components of repetitive negative thinking. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included Iranian police officers (NAJA) in Tehran, Iran province during 2022. By convenience sampling method, 203 people were selected. Data were collected using the repetitive negative thinking (McEvoy et al., 2010) and (Goldberg, 1979) Mental Health Questionnaires. Results: The findings of regression analysis show that 60% of mental health changes in Iranian police officers are predicted by repetitive negative thinking components. Accordingly, the regression model is significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the components of repetitive negative thinking are able to threaten the mental health of police officers. Therefore, it is suggested that the authorities pay special attention to the destructive role of such factors on the mental health of police officers and consider support programs to deal with it. 108 114 2022/04/262021/06/302022/04/252022/04/29 1401/2/9 2022/05/192022/03/62022/05/262022/05/20 1401/2/30 پیمان حاتمیان Peyman Hatamian دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران hatamian152@gmail.com احمد سوری Ahmad Souri ت souri12@gmail.com علیرضا کولیوند Alireza Kolivand ت alirezaphd@yahpoo.com Repetitive Negative Thinking Mental Health Police Iran. افکار تکرار شونده منفی سلامت روان پلیس ایران. 1. Jafari Nodoushan Z, Mirhosseini H, Yamola M, Bidaki R, Hasibi E, Jafari A, et al. Effect of Neurofeedback on Anxiety, Dyslexia, and Dysgraphia in Elementary Students Afflicted with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder- a Pilot Study. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 81-88. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.327848.1018##2. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035##3. Chen T, Zhou R, Yao NA, Wang S. Mental health of homebound older adults in China. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43:124-9. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.012##4. Elahi T, Fathi Ashtiani A, Bigdeli E. The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Mental Health of the Employees of A Medical Sciences University. J Mil Med. 2012; 14 (3) :192-199##5. Karimi Khordeh N, Dehvan F, Dalvand S, Repišti S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Nurses. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.331630.1028##6. Cartwright-Hatton S, Wells A. Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 1997;11:279-296. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00011-X##7. Morin CM, Barlow DH. Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management: Guilford Press New York; 1993##8. Mills AC, Grant DM, Lechner WV, Judah MR. (). Relationship between trait repetitive negative thinking styles and symptoms of psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;71:19-24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.022##9. McEvoy PM, Mahoney AE, Moulds ML. Are worry, rumination, and post-event processing one and the same? Development of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2010;24(5):509-19. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.008##10. Mahoney, Alison EJ, McEvoy, Peter M, Moulds Michelle L.Psychometric properties of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire in a clinical sample. Journal of anxiety disorders, 2012;26(2):359-367##doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.003##11. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of genteral health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine. 1979;9: 131-145. doi:10.1017/S0033291700021644##12. Fayaz I, Kiani Z. A survey on the mental health status of the adolescents in Shahid Dastgheyb and Namaazi orphanages of Shiraz. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2011; 1(2): 19-48##13. Beheshti S, Norian Najafabadi M. Social Factors Related to Primary School Teachers' Mental Health. SJSPH. 2021; 19 (1) :99-112 ##14. Vafapoor H, Zakiei A, Hatamian P, Bagheri A. Correlation of Sleep Quality with Emotional Regulation and Repetitive Negative Thoughts: A Casual Model in Pregnant Women, J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2018; 22(3):e81747. doi:10.5812/jkums.81747##15. goudarzi Z, Akbari M. The Role of Emotion Dysregulation, Repetitive Negative Thoughts and Thought-Action Fusion, in Prediction of Worry. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2017; 4 (3) :65-76 ##16. Joorbonyan A, Abdi R, Chalabianloo G. The role of repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in predicting the severity of emotional disorders symptoms', Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020: 17(2); 103-111. doi: 10.22070/cpap.2020.2911.##17. De Berardis D, Serroni N, Campanella D, Rapini G, Olivieri L, Feliziani B, et al. Alexithymia, responsibility attitudes and suicide ideation among outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2015; 58:82-7. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.016##18. Dayyani N, Nouri A, Golparvar M. Therelationship between metacognitive beliefs with saving behavior/hoarding among graduate students. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2013; 15(3):40-50.##19. Setorg S, Kazemi H, Raisi Z. Effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on craving beliefs and substance-related beliefs in substance abuse disorder patients. Etiad Pajohi. 2014; 7 (28) :147-162##1. Jafari Nodoushan Z, Mirhosseini H, Yamola M, Bidaki R, Hasibi E, Jafari A, et al. Effect of Neurofeedback on Anxiety, Dyslexia, and Dysgraphia in Elementary Students Afflicted with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder- a Pilot Study. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 81-88. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.327848.1018##2. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035##3. Chen T, Zhou R, Yao NA, Wang S. Mental health of homebound older adults in China. Geriatric Nursing. 2022;43:124-9. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.012##4. Elahi T, Fathi Ashtiani A, Bigdeli E. The Relationship between Physical Fitness and Mental Health of the Employees of A Medical Sciences University. J Mil Med. 2012; 14 (3) :192-199##5. Karimi Khordeh N, Dehvan F, Dalvand S, Repišti S, Ghanei Gheshlagh R. Investigation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Nurses. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 89-94. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.331630.1028##6. Cartwright-Hatton S, Wells A. Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 1997;11:279-296. doi:10.1016/S0887-6185(97)00011-X##7. Morin CM, Barlow DH. Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management: Guilford Press New York; 1993##8. Mills AC, Grant DM, Lechner WV, Judah MR. (). Relationship between trait repetitive negative thinking styles and symptoms of psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;71:19-24. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.022##9. McEvoy PM, Mahoney AE, Moulds ML. Are worry, rumination, and post-event processing one and the same? Development of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2010;24(5):509-19. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.03.008##10. Mahoney, Alison EJ, McEvoy, Peter M, Moulds Michelle L.Psychometric properties of the Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire in a clinical sample. Journal of anxiety disorders, 2012;26(2):359-367##doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.003##11. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of genteral health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine. 1979;9: 131-145. doi:10.1017/S0033291700021644##12. Fayaz I, Kiani Z. A survey on the mental health status of the adolescents in Shahid Dastgheyb and Namaazi orphanages of Shiraz. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals. 2011; 1(2): 19-48##13. Beheshti S, Norian Najafabadi M. Social Factors Related to Primary School Teachers' Mental Health. SJSPH. 2021; 19 (1) :99-112 ##14. Vafapoor H, Zakiei A, Hatamian P, Bagheri A. Correlation of Sleep Quality with Emotional Regulation and Repetitive Negative Thoughts: A Casual Model in Pregnant Women, J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2018; 22(3):e81747. doi:10.5812/jkums.81747##15. goudarzi Z, Akbari M. The Role of Emotion Dysregulation, Repetitive Negative Thoughts and Thought-Action Fusion, in Prediction of Worry. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry. 2017; 4 (3) :65-76 ##16. Joorbonyan A, Abdi R, Chalabianloo G. The role of repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic factor in predicting the severity of emotional disorders symptoms', Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020: 17(2); 103-111. doi: 10.22070/cpap.2020.2911.##17. De Berardis D, Serroni N, Campanella D, Rapini G, Olivieri L, Feliziani B, et al. Alexithymia, responsibility attitudes and suicide ideation among outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study. Comprehensive psychiatry. 2015; 58:82-7. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.016##18. Dayyani N, Nouri A, Golparvar M. Therelationship between metacognitive beliefs with saving behavior/hoarding among graduate students. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2013; 15(3):40-50.##19. Setorg S, Kazemi H, Raisi Z. Effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on craving beliefs and substance-related beliefs in substance abuse disorder patients. Etiad Pajohi. 2014; 7 (28) :147-162 ##

تعیین ارتباط قاطعیت با رفتارهای مراقبتی پرستاران شاغل در بخش‌های مراقبت‌های ویژه بیمارستان‌های نیروهای مسلح شهر تهران The Relationship between Assertiveness and Health Caring Behaviors of Nurses in The Intensive Care Units of The Armed Forces Hospitals in Tehran, Iran 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یکی از حساس‌ترین بخش‌های بیمارستان، بخش‌ مراقبت ویژه است که در آن به علت شرایط پیچیده و بحرانی بیماران، رفتارهای مراقبتی پرستاران اهمیت خاصی دارد. در این شرایط قاطعیت در رفتار به عنوان یکی از مولفه‌های مهم برای فعالیت‌های حرفه‌ای پرستاران محسوب می‌گردد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین ارتباط قاطعیت با رفتارهای مراقبتی پرستاران شاغل در بخش‌های مراقبت‌های ویژه انجام گردید. روش‌ها: این یک پژوهش مقطعی (توصیفی- همبستگی) می‌باشد. جامعه پژوهش شامل 165 پرستاران بخش‌های مراقبت‌های ویژه بیمارستان‌های نظامی ‌شهر تهران در سال 1398 بود. نمونه‌گیری به روش تصادفی انجام شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه سنجش رفتارهای مراقبتی پرستار و پرسشنامه آزمون ابراز وجود (قاطعیت) بود. یافته‌ها: میانگین سن پرستاران 7/2±33/7 سال و 56/4% مرد بودند. در بررسی ارتباط میزان قاطعیت با رفتارهای مراقبتی، پرستاران متاهل به طور معنی‌داری دارای قاطعیت بیشتری بودند (0/028=P). یافته‌ها حاکی از آن بود که 96/4 % پرستاران مراقبت ویژه از قاطعیت متوسط برخوردار هستند. همچنین متغیر قاطعیت قادر بود 7/4 % از واریانس رفتارهای مراقبتی را تبیین نماید (0/068=β ، 0/005=P). نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد پرستاران بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه شاغل در واحدهای درمانی نیروهای مسلح از میزان قاطعیت متوسطی برخوردار هستند و رفتارهای مراقبتی این پرستاران متاثر از قاطعیت آنها است. اهمیت این یافته‌ها از این جهت است که پرستاران نظامی علاوه بر مهارت‌های مورد نیاز پرستاری می‌بایست برای کار در شرایط خطرناک یا استرس‌زای جنگ و بحران آمادگی داشته باشند. لذا، ارائه برنامه‌های آموزشی برای افزایش قاطعیت در پرستاران شاغل در بخش‌های مراقبت ویژه مورد نیاز است.     2 Background and Aim: One of the most sensitive wards of the hospital is the intensive care unit (ICU) in which nurses' caring behaviors are of special importance due to the complex and critical conditions of patients. In these circumstances, assertive behavior is considered one of the important components of the professional healthcare activities of nurses. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between assertiveness and health caring behaviors of nurses working in ICU. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study (descriptive-correlation). The study population consisted of 165 nurses in ICU wards of military hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Sampling was done randomly. The research instruments included The Caring Dimension Inventory (CDI-25) and Gambrill and Ritchie (1975) Assertiveness Questionnaires. Results: The mean age of nurses in ICU was 33.7±7.2 years old and 56.4% were male. The married nurses significantly behave more assertively (P=0.028). The results showed that 96.4% of nurses have a moderate level of assertiveness. Also, the assertive behavior was able to explain 4.7% of the variance of health caring behaviors (β=0.068, P=0.005). Conclusion: This study shows that the Iranian nurses working in ICU in the Armed Forces hospitals have a moderate level of assertiveness that affect their health caring behaviors. These findings are important because military nurses, in addition to the required nursing skills, must be prepared to work in hazardous or stressful situations of war and crisis. Therefore, training programs are needed to increase the assertive behavior of nurses working in ICU. 115 123 2022/04/262021/06/302022/04/252022/04/292022/04/27 1401/2/7 2022/05/192022/03/62022/05/262022/05/202022/05/19 1401/2/29 مهدی مفیدی قادی Mehdi Mofidighadimahdi mofidighadimahdi@gmail.com رضا نوروززاده Reza Norouzadeh دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران norouzadeh@shahed.ac.ir بهمن آقایی Bahman Aghaei bahman.aghai@gmail.com Assertiveness Health Caring Behaviors Intensive Care Unit Nurse. قاطعیت رفتارهای مراقبتی بخش مراقبت ویژه پرستار. 1. Karimzadeh A, Taheri M, Bayat M, Beale A, Ahmadi H. Localized Gluteal Skin Pinch Pressure Hyperalgesia in Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(1): 32-37. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.143713##2. Govil V, Singhal S, Rani A, Puhal S, Arora S. Anaesthetic Management of a Huge Oropharyngeal Mass- Case Report. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 116-118. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.326710.1007 ##3. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035 ##4. Taghavi L, Sharifi N, Aghajani M, Mehran A. Assertiveness and anxiety in midwifery & nursing students. 2009. ##5. Baghani R, Keyghobadi F, Tabaraei Y. Factors Affecting Nursing and Midwifery Students' decisiveness in 2013. Journal Of Sabzevar University Of Medical Sciences. 2014; 20(5): 674-680.##6. Roncelli Vaupot S, Železnik D. Communicative factors associated with assertiveness in Slovenian nursing staff in clinical practice. Informatologia. 2018; 51(3-4):149-58. doi:10.32914/i.51.3-4.3 ##7. Hadavi M, Nejad MA. Assertive Behaviors Among Nursing Staff in a Local Hospital in Iran. Modern Care Journal. 2018;15(2):e80765. doi:10.5812/modernc.80765 ##8. Batmaz M, Enc N, Pektekin C. Self esteem, assertiveness and decision making skills of critical care nurses in Istanbul. Connect Critical Care Nursing in Europe. 2001;1:13-5. doi:10.1891/1748-6254.1.1.13 ##9. McCartan PJ, Hargie OD. Assertiveness and caring: are they compatible? Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2004;13(6):707-13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00964.x ##10. Shalaby SA, Janbi NF, Mohammed KK, Al-harthi KM. Assessing the caring behaviors of critical care nurses. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2018;8(10):77-85. doi:10.5430/jnep.v8n10p77 ##11. O'Connell E, Landers M. The importance of critical care nurses' caring behaviours as perceived by nurses and relatives. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2008;24(6):349-58 doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2008.04.002 ##12. Salimi S, Azimpour A, Fesharaki M, Mohammadzadeh S. Nurses' Perception of Importance of Caring Behaviors and Its Determinant factors. Journal of Urmia Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2012;10(1). ##13. Baljani E, Azimi N, Hosseinloo A. A survey on nurses perception of the importance of caring behaviors and factors affecting its provision. Evidence based care. 2012;2(1):13-21. ##14. Aghajani M. Investigating assertiveness and it's relation with anxiety in nursing and midwifery students: MSc dissertation. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2009.[In Persian]; 2009. ##15. Ünal S, Hisar F, Ülkü Görgülü Ü. Assertiveness levels of nursing students who experience verbal violence during practical training. Contemporary nurse. 2012;42(1):11-9. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.42.1.11 ##16. Hadavi M, Nejad MA. Assertive Behaviors Among Nursing Staff in a Local Hospital in Iran. International Journal of Industiral Engineering & Producion Management. 2017;28(1):55-67. ##17. Lakdizajee S, Rahmani A, Zamanzade V, Pashaee S. The Evaluation of Nursing Students' Point of Views toward Caring Behaviors in Intensive Cares. Educational Development of Judishapur. 2014; 5(1):52-8. ##18. Omari F, AbuAlRub R, Ayasreh I. Perceptions of patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviors in coronary care units in J ordan. Journal of clinical nursing. 2013;22(21-22):3183-91. doi:10.1111/jocn.12458 ##19. Eid Ahmed O, Mostafa Shazly M, Mohammed Abdrabou H. Assertiveness among Nurses in El Fayoum University Hospitals. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. 2021;12(4):1044-56. doi:10.21608/ejhc.2021.205491 ##20. Omura M, Stone TE, Maguire J, Levett-Jones T. Exploring Japanese nurses' perceptions of the relevance and use of assertive communication in healthcare: a qualitative study informed by the theory of planned behaviour. Nurse education today. 2018;67:100-7. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.004 ##21. Yau XC, Tam WSW, Seah HWV, Siah CJR. An exploration of factors influencing inpatient nurses' care behaviour in an acute hospital setting. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2019;31(6):473-9. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzy199 ##22. Imanifar N, Seyedin AV, Roshanzadeh M, Afshar L. The relationship between patient advocacy practice of nurses and their assertiveness. Medical ethics journal. 2015;9(32):141-66. ##23. Maheshwari S, Gill K. Correlation of assertive behavior with communication satisfaction among nurses. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing. 2015; 14:68-74. ##24. Güven ŞD, Ünsal A. The relationship beetwen levels of altruism, empathy and assertiveness in nursing students. Innowacje W Pıelęgnıarstwıe. 2019; 2(4):71-90. doi:10.21784/IwP.2019.010 ##25. Abbasi S, Masoudi R, Rabiei L, Shahbazi K. The Effect of Assertiveness Program on Clinical Competence of Intensive Care Units Nurses; A Randomized Clinical Trial. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2019;27(5):293-305.##doi:10.30699/ajnmc.27.5.293##1. Karimzadeh A, Taheri M, Bayat M, Beale A, Ahmadi H. Localized Gluteal Skin Pinch Pressure Hyperalgesia in Patients with Chronic Low-Back Pain. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(1): 32-37. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.143713##2. Govil V, Singhal S, Rani A, Puhal S, Arora S. Anaesthetic Management of a Huge Oropharyngeal Mass- Case Report. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(2): 116-118. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.326710.1007 ##3. Rajabipoor Meybodi A, Mohammadi M, Arjmandi H. A Qualitative Approach to Ethical Challenges of Iranian Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Novelty in Clinical Medicine. 2022; 1(3): 156-162. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.336675.1035 ##4. Taghavi L, Sharifi N, Aghajani M, Mehran A. Assertiveness and anxiety in midwifery & nursing students. 2009. ##5. Baghani R, Keyghobadi F, Tabaraei Y. Factors Affecting Nursing and Midwifery Students' decisiveness in 2013. Journal Of Sabzevar University Of Medical Sciences. 2014; 20(5): 674-680.##6. Roncelli Vaupot S, Železnik D. Communicative factors associated with assertiveness in Slovenian nursing staff in clinical practice. Informatologia. 2018; 51(3-4):149-58. doi:10.32914/i.51.3-4.3 ##7. Hadavi M, Nejad MA. Assertive Behaviors Among Nursing Staff in a Local Hospital in Iran. Modern Care Journal. 2018;15(2):e80765. doi:10.5812/modernc.80765 ##8. Batmaz M, Enc N, Pektekin C. Self esteem, assertiveness and decision making skills of critical care nurses in Istanbul. Connect Critical Care Nursing in Europe. 2001;1:13-5. doi:10.1891/1748-6254.1.1.13 ##9. McCartan PJ, Hargie OD. Assertiveness and caring: are they compatible? Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2004;13(6):707-13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00964.x ##10. Shalaby SA, Janbi NF, Mohammed KK, Al-harthi KM. Assessing the caring behaviors of critical care nurses. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2018;8(10):77-85. doi:10.5430/jnep.v8n10p77 ##11. O'Connell E, Landers M. The importance of critical care nurses' caring behaviours as perceived by nurses and relatives. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2008;24(6):349-58 doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2008.04.002 ##12. Salimi S, Azimpour A, Fesharaki M, Mohammadzadeh S. Nurses' Perception of Importance of Caring Behaviors and Its Determinant factors. Journal of Urmia Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2012;10(1). ##13. Baljani E, Azimi N, Hosseinloo A. A survey on nurses perception of the importance of caring behaviors and factors affecting its provision. Evidence based care. 2012;2(1):13-21. ##14. Aghajani M. Investigating assertiveness and it's relation with anxiety in nursing and midwifery students: MSc dissertation. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 2009.[In Persian]; 2009. ##15. Ünal S, Hisar F, Ülkü Görgülü Ü. Assertiveness levels of nursing students who experience verbal violence during practical training. Contemporary nurse. 2012;42(1):11-9. doi:10.5172/conu.2012.42.1.11 ##16. Hadavi M, Nejad MA. Assertive Behaviors Among Nursing Staff in a Local Hospital in Iran. International Journal of Industiral Engineering & Producion Management. 2017;28(1):55-67. ##17. Lakdizajee S, Rahmani A, Zamanzade V, Pashaee S. The Evaluation of Nursing Students' Point of Views toward Caring Behaviors in Intensive Cares. Educational Development of Judishapur. 2014; 5(1):52-8. ##18. Omari F, AbuAlRub R, Ayasreh I. Perceptions of patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviors in coronary care units in J ordan. Journal of clinical nursing. 2013;22(21-22):3183-91. doi:10.1111/jocn.12458 ##19. Eid Ahmed O, Mostafa Shazly M, Mohammed Abdrabou H. Assertiveness among Nurses in El Fayoum University Hospitals. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. 2021;12(4):1044-56. doi:10.21608/ejhc.2021.205491 ##20. Omura M, Stone TE, Maguire J, Levett-Jones T. Exploring Japanese nurses' perceptions of the relevance and use of assertive communication in healthcare: a qualitative study informed by the theory of planned behaviour. Nurse education today. 2018;67:100-7. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.004 ##21. Yau XC, Tam WSW, Seah HWV, Siah CJR. An exploration of factors influencing inpatient nurses' care behaviour in an acute hospital setting. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2019;31(6):473-9. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzy199 ##22. Imanifar N, Seyedin AV, Roshanzadeh M, Afshar L. The relationship between patient advocacy practice of nurses and their assertiveness. Medical ethics journal. 2015;9(32):141-66. ##23. Maheshwari S, Gill K. Correlation of assertive behavior with communication satisfaction among nurses. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing. 2015; 14:68-74. ##24. Güven ŞD, Ünsal A. The relationship beetwen levels of altruism, empathy and assertiveness in nursing students. Innowacje W Pıelęgnıarstwıe. 2019; 2(4):71-90. doi:10.21784/IwP.2019.010 ##25. Abbasi S, Masoudi R, Rabiei L, Shahbazi K. The Effect of Assertiveness Program on Clinical Competence of Intensive Care Units Nurses; A Randomized Clinical Trial. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2019;27(5):293-305.##doi:10.30699/ajnmc.27.5.293 ##

نقش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و خودکارآمدی در پیش‌بینی سلامت روان‌شناختی نیروهای شاغل در صنعت فراساحل The Role of Self-Care Behaviors and Self-Efficacy in Predicting the Mental Health of employees in Offshore Industry 1 1 زمینه و هدف: مشاغل فراساحل در صنعت نفت به عنوان یکی از مشاغل پراسترس محسوب می‌شوند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین نقش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و خودکارآمدی در پیش‌بینی سلامت روان‌شناختی نیروهای شاغل در صنعت فراساحل بود.   روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نوع کمی و همبستگی می‌باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را همه کارکنان استخدامی‌ در صنعت فراساحل شاغل در پروژه‌ها و شناورها و همچنین در سکوهای نفتی و گازی در دریا در سال 1400 تشکیل می‌دادند. 152 نفر با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده بر اساس لیست کارکنان و بر طبق جدول مورگان انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات شامل، پرسشنامه رفتار خودمراقبتی، پرسشنامه خودکارآمدی عمومی‌، و همچنین پرسشنامه سلامت روانشناختی بود. یافته‌ها: بین رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و خودکارآمدی رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد (r=0.25; P<0.001). همچنین بین خودکارآمدی و سلامت روانشناختی رابطه مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد (r=0.17; P<0.05). رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و خودکارآمدی می‌تواند سلامت روانشناختی کارکنان فراساحل را پیش‌بینی نماید (R2= 0.371). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش می‌توان گفت که رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و خودکارآمدی می‌تواند سلامت روانشناختی نیروهای شاغل در صنعت فراساحل را پیش‌بینی کند. این امر اهمیت توجه به مولفه‌های روان‌شناختی کارکنان شاغل در صنعت فراساحل را نشان می‌دهد.   2 Background and Aim: Offshore jobs in the oil industry are considered one of the most stressful jobs. The aim of this study was to determine the role of self-care and self-efficacy behaviors in predicting the mental health of employees in the offshore industry. Methods: This is a quantitative and correlational study. The statistical population included all employees in the offshore industry working on projects and vessels, as well as oil and gas platforms in 2022. A total number of 152 people was selected by a simple random sampling method according to the table of Morgan. Data collection tools included Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Mental Health Questionnaire. Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between self-care behaviors and self-efficacy (r = 25.2; P <0.001). There is also a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and mental health (r = 0.17; P <0.05). Self-care and self-efficacy behaviors can predict the mental health of offshore employees (R2 = 0.371). 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تاثیر امواج 2/45 گیگاهرتز بر مارکرهای هماتولوژیک سیستم ایمنی در رت The Effect of 2.45 GHz Waves on Hematological Markers of the Immune System in Mice 1 1 زمینه و هدف: در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از امواج رادیویی و دستگاه‌هایی که با طیف 2/45 گیگاهرتز کار می‌کنند مثل تلفن بی‌سیم و مودم‌های بی‌سیم بسیار زیاد شده است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تاثیر امواج 2/45 گیگاهرتز بر مارکرهای هماتولوژیک سیستم ایمنی در موش انجام شد. روش‌ها: در این پژوهش تجربی از 72 موش سوری نابالغ نر نژاد BALB/C استفاده گردید. موش‌ها به 3 گروه تقسیم شدند؛ یک گروه کنترل و دو گروه در معرض اشعه (گروه A و گروه B). سپس دو مودم وای فای تهیه شد یکی ساده و بدون آنتن که موش‌های گروه A با آن مواجهه داشت و نوع دوم دارای دو آنتن که موش‌های گروه B در مواجهه با آن قرار گرفت. پس از انجام مواجهه، خونگیری از موش‌ها برای سنجش تعداد گلبول‌های سفید، مونوسیت، لنفوسیت و نوتروفیل انجام شد.   یافته‌ها: تعداد گلبول‌های سفید، مونوسیت، لنفوسیت و نوتروفیل در طول مطالعه در موش‌های گروه کنترل افزایش یافت اما این پارمترها در موش‌های دو گروه مداخله به طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافت که این کاهش وابسته به زمان بود. بین پارامترهای خونی موش‌های دو گروه در معرض مودم‌های مختلف تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد.   نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاضر نشانگر تداخل امواج 2/45 گیگاهرتز با سیستم ایمنی موش‌های در معرض است. این مطالعه نشان داد گلبول های سفید در برابر مواجهه طولانی مدت با امواج وای فای تاثیرپذیری بیشتری دارند. 2 Background and Aim: Background and Aim: In recent years, the use of radio waves and devices operating in the 2.45 GHz range, such as cordless telephones and wireless modems, has greatly increased. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 2.45 GHz waves on hematological markers of the immune system in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 72 immature male BALB/C mice were used. Mice were divided into 3 groups; one control group and two groups exposed to radiation (group A and group B). Then two Wi-Fi modems were prepared, one simple and without antenna that mice of Group A were exposed to it and the second type had two antennas that mice of Group B were exposed to it. After exposure, blood samples were taken to measure the white blood cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Results: The number of white blood cells, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils increased during the study in control mice, but these parameters decreased significantly in the mice of the two intervention groups, which was time-dependent. There was no significant difference between the blood parameters of mice in the two intervention groups exposed to different modems. Conclusion: The current findings indicate the side effects of 2.45 GHz on the immune system of exposed mice. This showed that white blood cells are more effective against long-term exposure to Wi-Fi waves. 131 138 2022/04/262021/06/302022/04/252022/04/292022/04/272022/02/42022/01/3 1400/10/13 2022/05/192022/03/62022/05/262022/05/202022/05/192022/05/12022/04/28 1401/2/8 حامد اکبری Hamed Akbari گروه آلودگی‌های محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. akbarihamed_2005@yahoo.com لعبت تقوی Lobat Taghavi گروه علوم محیط زیست و جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران taghavi_lobat@yahoo.com سید کمال اسحق حسینی Seyed Kamal Eshagh Hossaini گروه اطفال، دانشکده پزشکی، بیمارستان حضرت فاطمه معصومه (س)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران. kamaleshaghhossaini@yahoo.com محمد غلامی فشارکی Mohammad Gholami-Fesharaki گروه آمار زیستی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. gholami4510@gmail.com سید علیرضا حاجی سید میرزا حسینی Seyed Alireza Hajiseyed Mirzahosseini گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. mirzahosseini@gmail.com Immune system Electromagnetic waves 2.45 GHz Mice. سیستم ایمنی امواج الکترومغناطیس 2/45 گیگاهرتز موش. 1. 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اهمیت آموزش مبتنی بر سازه‌های الگوی فرایند موازی توسعه‌یافته بر اتخاذ رفتارهای پیشگیری‌کننده از ابتلا به سندرم متابولیک در کارکنان نیروی دریایی The Importance of Extended Parallel Process Model Training in Adoption of Preventive Behaviors of Metabolic Syndrome in Navy 1 1 سرمقاله 2 Letter 139 140 2022/04/262021/06/302022/04/252022/04/292022/04/272022/02/42022/01/32022/08/14 1401/5/23 2022/05/192022/03/62022/05/262022/05/202022/05/192022/05/12022/04/282022/08/31 1401/6/9 سولماز سادات حسینی ذیجود Solmaz Sadat Hosseini Zijoud گروه آموزش بهداشت و ارتقا سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران Hosseini1920@gmail.com Training Extended Parallel Process Model Metabolic Syndrome Navy آموزش الگوی فرایند موازی توسعه‌یافته سندرم متابولیک نیروی دریایی 1. Bayrami J, Haghparvar M H, Adabi F, Omid Zahir S, Ghasempourabadi M, Hedayati H. Investigation the Prevalence of Diabetes in Iranian Sailors in 2018: Cross-Sectional Study. J Mar Med. 2020;1(4):222-229. doi:10.30491/1.4.3##2. Yamaoka K, Tango T. Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC medicine. 2012;10(1). doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-138##3. Maloney EK, Lapinski MK, Witte K. Fear appeals and persuasion: A review and update of the extended parallel process model. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2011;5(4):206-19. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00341.x ##4. Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ezati E. Using the Extended Parallel Process Model in World Studies on health Behaviors: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health in the Field. 2018;6(1):22065. ##5. Worthington AK. Fear Appeals: The Extended Parallel Process Model. Persuasion Theory in Action: An Open Educational Resource. 2021.## ##