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کاربرد ارگونومی برای ارتقای بهداشت روان در پرسنل زیردریایی‌ها Application of Ergonomics to Promote Mental Health in Submarine Personnel 1 1 سرمقاله 2 Letter 53 54 2021/04/24 1400/2/4 2021/04/29 1400/2/9 فرحناز خواجه نصیری Farahnaz Khajehnasiri khajenasiri@tums.ac.ir ویدا زراوشانی Vida Zaroushani مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، پژوهشکده پیشگیری از بیماریهای غیر واگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران v.zaroushani@qums.ac.ir Submarine Ergonomics Mental Health زیردریایی ارگونومی بهداشت روان 1. Guo JH, Ma XH, Ma H, Zhang Y, Tian ZQ, Wang X, Shao YC. Circadian misalignment on submarines and other non-24-h environments-from research to application. Military Medical Research. 2020;7(1):1-2. doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00268-2##2. Ahmadi K, Hazrati M, Ahmadizadeh M, Noohi S. Effect of Radiance-Dimmer Devices Simulating Natural Sunlight Rhythm on the Plasma Melatonin Levels and Anxiety and Depression Scores of the Submarine Personnel. Iranian journal of psychiatry. 2019; 14(2):147. doi:10.18502/ijps.v14i2.994##3. Chabal S, Welles R, Haran FJ, Markwald R. Effects of sleep and fatigue on teams in a submarine environment. Undersea & hyperbaric medicine: journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. 2018;45(3):257-72.##4. Good CH, Brager AJ, Capaldi VF, Mysliwiec V. Sleep in the United States military. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45(1):176-91. doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0431-7##5. Trousselard M, Leger D, van Beers P, Coste O, Vicard A, Pontis J, et al. Sleeping under the ocean: despite total isolation, nuclear Submariners maintain their sleep and wake patterns throughout their under sea mission. PloS one. 2015;10(5):e0126721 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126721## ##

آسیب حاد کلیوی به دنبال غرق‌شدگی: مروری روایتی Acute Kidney Injury Following Near-Drowning: Narrative Review 1 1 آسیب حاد کلیوی به دنبال غرق‌شدگی، به عنوان یک عارضه نسبتاً شایع رخ می‌دهد و می‌تواند صدمه جبران‌ناپذیری را به کلیه‌ها وارد نماید. این آسیب‌ها معمولاً در مراحل اولیه غرق‌شدگی رخ می‌دهند، خودمحدود شونده هستند و اکثر بیماران نیازی به دیالیز نخواهند داشت. تعداد مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه بسیار محدود است و در نتیجه، اطلاعات جامعی جهت بررسی شیوع و مکانیسم این عارضه در دسترس نیست. هرچند برخی منابع بر این باورند که نکروز حاد توبولی در جریان شوک، هیپوکسی و میوگلوبینوری به دنبال غرق‌شدگی می‌تواند علت اصلی آسیب حاد کلیوی باشد. در مطالعه‌ای گذشته‌نگر، 30 بیمار دچار غرق‌شدگی در سال 1999 بررسی شدند، حدود 50 درصد بیماران دچار آسیب حاد کلیه شده بودند که علت آسیب، طیف گوناگونی از جمله شوک، هیپوکسی، رابدومیولیز و آسیب چند عضوی را شامل می‌شد. در سال‌های 2000 تا 2017 نیز در یک کوهورت گذشته‌نگر، از بین 95 بیمار که با تشخیص غرق‌شدگی به بیمارستان منتقل شده بودند، 42 نفر (3/43 %) دچار آسیب حاد کلیه شده بودند که در 17 نفر از بیماران (18%) آسیب مرحله 2 و 3 رخ داده بود و یک بیمار نیز تحت دیالیز قرار گرفته بود. نتایج مطالعات بیانگر شیوع قابل توجه آسیب حاد کلیه در افرادی است که از مرگ به علت غرق‌شدگی، جان سالم به در برده‌اند. بررسی سریال سطح کراتینین و آموزش علائم خطر به بیمار پس از ترخیص حتی در بیماران بی علامت توصیه می‌گردد. 2 Acute renal injury (AKI) due to near-drowning occurs as a relatively common complication and can cause irreversible damage to the kidneys. These injuries usually occur in the early stages of drowning, are self-limiting, and renal replacement therapy is rarely needed. The number of studies conducted in this field is very limited and comprehensive information is not available to investigate and understand the prevalence and mechanism of its complication. However, some literature suggests that acute tubular necrosis during shock, hypoxia and myoglobinuria following drowning may be a major cause of AKI. In a retrospective study on 30 near-drowned patients in 1999, about 50% of patients developed submersion-induced AKI with heterogeneous mechanisms including rhabdomyolysis, multi-organ failure, and shock. Between 2000 and 2017, in a retrospective cohort, out of 95 patients who were taken to hospital with a diagnosis of drowning, 42 (43.3%) developed AKI, 17 (18%) of whom were in the second and third stages of the injury. Also, one patient underwent renal replacement therapy. The evidence indicates a significant prevalence of AKI in people who have survived by drowning. Serial monitoring of creatinine levels and training patients of danger signs after discharge is recommended even in asymptomatic patients. 55 61 2021/04/242021/03/16 1399/12/26 2021/04/292021/04/15 1400/1/26 انوش آذرفر Anoush Azarfar بیمارستان اطفال دکتر شیخ مشهد azarfara@mums.ac.ir عباسعلی زراعتی Abbas Ali Zeraati بیمارستان امام رضا مشهد zeraatia@mums.ac.ir درسا زراعتی Dorsa Zeraati Renal Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran dorsa.moghayedi@yahoo.com تینا زراعتی Tina Zeraati مرکز تحقیقات عوارض پیوند کلیه و مرکز تحقیقات ژنتیک پزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران zeraatit4@mums.ac.ir Near-drowning Acute kidney injury Acute tubular necrosis Rhabdomyolysis. غرق‌شدگی آسیب حاد کلیه نکروز توبولی حاد رابدومیولیز. 1. Cerland L, Mégarbane B, Kallel H, Brouste Y, Mehdaoui H, Resiere D. Incidence and Consequences of Near-Drowning-Related Pneumonia- A Descriptive Series from Martinique, French West Indies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(11):1402. doi:10.3390/ijerph14111402##2. Mosayebi Z, Movahedian AH, Mousavi GA. Drowning in children in Iran: outcomes and prognostic factors. Med J Malaysia. 2011;66(3):187-90. ##3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonfatal andfatal drownings in recreational water settings-United States, 2001-2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:447-452##4. Saberi Anary SH, Sheikhazadi A, Ghadyani MH. Epidemiology of drowning in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2010;31 (3):236-42. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e3181e804de##5. Mtaweh H, Kochanek PM, Carcillo JA, Bell MJ, Fink EL. Patterns of multiorgan dysfunction after pediatric drowning. Resuscitation. 2015;90:91-96. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.005##6. Esmaeeli M, Azarfar A, Keykhosravi A, Nematshahi M, Ravanshad Y, Delbari A, et al. Effect of Rasburicase in renal function in children with acute kidney injury in Sheikh Children's Hospital. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 1970; 20(5): 597-602.##7. Zeraati AA, Sahihi F, Lotfi Z, Sharifipour F, Zeraati T. The discrimination of acute tubular necrosis and prerenal azotemia using two biomarkers simultaneously. J Renal Inj Prev. 2020; 9(1): e03. doi:10.15171/jrip.2020.03##8. Bonnor R, Siddiqui M, Ahuja TS. Rhabdomyolysis associated with near-drowning. Am J Med Sci. 1999; 318 (3):201-2. doi:10.1097/00000441-199909000-00018 ##9. Gorelik Y, Darawshi S, Yaseen H, Abassi Z, Heyman SN, Khamaisi M. Acute Renal Failure Following Near-Drowning. Kidney Int Rep. 2018;3(4):833-840. doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2018.02.007##10. Spicer ST, Quinn D, Nyi Nyi NN, Nankivell BJ, Hayes JM, Savdie E. Acute renal impairment after immersion and near-drowning. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1999;10(2):382-6. doi:10.1681/ASN.V102382##11. Joo Shiang ANG. Acute Kidney Injury After Near-Drowning In A Pool Case Report. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2020;11(2):43-46. doi:10.33706/jemcr.652066 ##12. Mosayebi, Ziba & Movahedian, Ah & Mousavi, GA. (2011). Drowning in Children in Iran: Outcomes and Prognostic Factors. The Medical journal of Malaysia. 66. 187-90.##13. Alp A, Akdam H, Meteoğlu İ, Ünsal A, Akar H, Yeniçerioğlu Y. Acute kidney injury after near drowning: The way from the beach to hemodialysis. Hemodial Int. 2016;20(1):E1-4. doi:10.1111/hdi.12321##14. Seong EY, Rhee H, Lee N, Lee SJ, Song SH, Lee DW, Lee SB, Sol MY, Kwak IS. A case of severe acute kidney injury by near-drowning. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27(2):218-20. doi:10.3346/jkms.2012.27.2.218##15. Amir A, Lee YL. A case of acute kidney injury by near-drowning. Malays Fam Physician. 2013; 8 (3): 34-36. ##16. Miki A, Takeda Si, Yamamoto H. et al. A case of renal impairment after near-drowning: the universal nature of acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2013;17:594-595. doi:10.1007/s10157-013-0772-1##17. Modell JH, Davis JH. Electrolyte changes in human drowning victims. Anesthesiology 1969; 30: 414-20 doi:10.1097/00000542-196904000-00011##18. Hegde SN, Anupama YJ. Acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis following near-drowning in sea water. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003; 51:512-3.##19. Yoshitomi Y, Kojima S, Ogi M, Kuramochi M. Acute renal failure in accidental hypothermia of cold water immersion. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31:856-9doi:10.1016/S0272-6386(98)70057-5##20. Lindholm P, Steensberg J. Epidemiology of unintentional drowning and near-drowning in Denmark in 1995. Inj Prev. 2000;6(1):29-31. doi:10.1136/ip.6.1.29##21. Howland J, Hingson R, Mangione TW,et al. Why are mostdrowning victims men? Sex diVerences in aquatic skills andbehaviors.Am J Public Health. 1996;86:93-doi:10.2105/AJPH.86.1.93##22. Hoff BH. Multisystem failure: a review with special reference to drowning. Critical Care Medicine. 1979;7(7):310-320. doi:10.1097/00003246-197907000-00006##23. Pearn J. Pathophysiology of drowning. Med J Aust 1985; 142: 586-8doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113523.x##24. Samuel N Heyman, Yuri Gorelik, Danny Zorbavel, Christian Rosenberger, Zaid Abassi, Seymour Rosen, Mogher Khamaisi, Near-drowning: new perspectives for human hypoxic acute kidney injury, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 35, Issue 2, February 2020, Pages 206-212, doi:10.1093/ndt/gfz016##25. Hoff BH. Multisystem failure: a review with special reference to drown-ing. Crit Care Med 1979; 7: 310-20 doi:10.1097/00003246-197907000-00006##26. Modell JH, Davis JH. Electrolyte changes in human drowning victims. Anesthesiology 1969; 30: 414-20 doi:10.1097/00000542-196904000-00011##27. Saidel-Odes LR, Almog Y. Near-drowning in the Dead Sea: a retrospective observational analysis of 69 patients. Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5(12):856-8. ##28. Zeraati, abbas ali & Hami, Maryam & Sharifipour, Farzaneh & Reyahi, Mohammad. (2016). Assessment of Electrolyte Free Water Clearance in Renal Transplant Recipients: Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. doi:10.17795/zjrms-7949##29. Bonnor R, Siddiqui M, Ahuja TS. Rhabdomyolysis associated with near-drowning. Am J Med Sci. 1999;318(3):201-2. doi:10.1097/00000441-199909000-00018##30. Beladi- Mousavi SS, Hosaini- Nejad K, Zeraati AA. The Evaluation of Dialysis Adequacy by KT/V in Hemodialysis Patients. Jundishapur Sci Med J. 2012;11(1):43-48## ##

روش‌های کنترل و پیشگیری از انتشار ساس تختخواب (Cimex lectularius) در محیط‌های نظامی: مروری روایتی Control and Prevention of Bed Bugs, Cimex lectularius in Military Environments: Narrative review 1 1 زمینه و هدف: ساس تختخواب ازجمله آفات بهداشتی مهمی است که ارتباط بسیار نزدیک با محیط زندگی انسان دارد. این پژوهش با هدف بازنگری و گردآوری اطلاعات به‌ویژه در زمینه کنترل ساس، پیشگیری از آلودگی و انتشار ساس تختخواب انجام شده است. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، از مقالات معتبر یافت شده در پایگاه‌های علمی، پس از حذف موارد قدیمی و همچنین مطالب تکراری استفاده شد. اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده از ایران و دیگر کشورهای جهان، در زمینه‌های شناسایی، میزان آلودگی، راه‌های کنترل ساس و جلوگیری از انتشار آن، دسته‌بندی و ارائه گردید. یافته‌ها: مطالعات زیادی، به گسترش چشم‌گیر حشره ساس در منازل و دیگر اماکن از قبیل خوابگاه‌های دانشجویی و آسایشگاه‌های نظامی از ایران و دیگر کشورهای جهان پرداخته است. برخی از عوامل مانند افزایش مسافرت و جابجایی افراد و همچنین مقاومت ساس به آفت‌کش‌ها می‌توانند در طغیان این حشره مؤثر باشد. روش‌های زیادی برای کنترل و نیز ایجاد محدودیت در رشد و گسترش جمعیت این حشره ارائه‌شده است. کنترل این آفت در جمعیت‌های کوچک بسیار راحت و سریع خواهد بود، لذا، تشخیص ساس در مراحل اولیه آلودگی بسیار حائز اهمیت است.   نتیجه‌گیری: برخلاف انتظار، ساس‌ها در سال‌های اخیر در مناطق شهری بسیار انتشار یافته‌اند و به نظر می‌رسد روند گسترش این حشره در محیط‌های شهری همچنان در حال افزایش است. اگرچه این حشره در انتقال عامل بیماری‌زای مشخصی به انسان نقش ندارد ولی گزش‌های آن به‌ویژه در هنگام شب باعث بدخوابی و سلب آسایش می‌شود که در برخی مواقع با آثار روانی همراه است. بکار بردن هر یک از روش‌های کنترل به‌تنهایی قادر به مهار این حشره نبوده و باید تلفیقی از اقدامات کنترلی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. علاوه بر این، پایش مرتب این حشره در مناطق مستعد آلودگی، می‌تواند در جلوگیری از گسترش و شیوع مجدد ساس بسیار موثر باشد. 2 Background and Aim: The bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L, 1758) is one of the most important health pests which have very closely related to the human environment. This study aimed to review and collect information on the identification and control of bed bugs. Methods: In this review, papers found in scientific databases were used after removing old ones as well as duplicate content. The information obtained from Iran and other countries of the world was categorized and presented in the fields of identification, level of infection, ways to control bed bugs and prevent their spread. Results: Many studies have shown the widespread spread of bedbugs in homes and other places such as student dormitories and military sanatoriums in Iran and other countries. Some factors such as increased travel of people as well as bed bug resistance to pesticides can be effective in the outbreak of this insect. Many methods have been proposed to control and limit the growth and expansion of the population of this insect. Control of this pest in small populations will be very easy and fast, therefore, detection of bed bugs in the early stages of infection is very important. Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, bedbugs have become very common in urban areas in recent years, and it seems that the spread of this insect is still increasing. Although this insect does not play a role in transmitting a specific pathogen to humans, its bites, especially at night, cause insomnia and loss of comfort, which is sometimes associated with psychological effects. The use of any of the control methods alone is not able to control this insect and a combination of control measures should be used. In addition, regular monitoring of this insect in areas prone to infection can be very effective in preventing the spread and recurrence of bed bugs. 62 74 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/4 1400/1/15 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/29 1400/2/9 مهدی خوبدل Mehdi Khoobdel مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و تغذیه، پژوهشکده سبک زندگی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه‌الله (عج)، تهران، ایران Khoobdel@yahoo.com امین شجاعی Amin Shojaei گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران Amin_shojaei@ut.ac.ir محمد نوبخت Mohammad Nobakht marinemedicine@gmail.com محمدرضا دستمردی Mahammad Reza Dastmardi صمد زارعی Samad Zarei Bedbug Cimex lectularius Insecticides Chemical Control Integrated Pest Management. ساس حشره‌کش کنترل شیمیایی مدیریت تلفیقی آفت. 1. Mullen GR, Durden LA. Medical and veterinary entomology: Academic press; 2009.##2. Benoit JB, Del Grosso NA, Yoder JA, Denlinger DL. Resistance to dehydration between bouts of blood feeding in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is enhanced by water conservation, aggregation, and quiescence. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2007;76(5):987-993. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.76.987##3. Balvín O, Munclinger P, Kratochvíl L, Vilímová J. Mitochondrial DNA and morphology show independent evolutionary histories of bedbug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats and humans. Parasitology research. 2012;111(1):457-469. doi:10.1007/s00436-012-2862-5##4. Khan HR, Rahman MM. Morphology and biology of the bedbug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in the laboratory. Journal of Biological Sciences. 2012;21(2):125-130. doi:10.3329/dujbs.v21i2.11510##5. Cooper R, Harlan H. Ectoparasites, part 3: bed bugs and kissing bugs. Mallis' handbook of pest control, 9th ed GIE Publishing, Cleveland, OH. 2004:494-529.##6. Doggett SL, Geary MJ, Russell RC. The resurgence of bed bugs in Australia: with notes on their ecology and control. Environmental Health. 2004;4(2):30-38.##7. Hwang SW, Svoboda TJ, De Jong IJ, Kabasele KJ, Gogosis E. Bed bug infestations in an urban environment. Emerging infectious diseases. 2005;11(4):533-538. doi:10.3201/eid1104.041126##8. Johnson A. The hotel industry is beginning to wake up to bedbug problem. The Wall Street Journal. 2005;245(78):5-6.##9. Wang C, Wen X. Bed bug infestations and control practices in China: Implications for fighting the global bed bug resurgence. Insects. 2011;2(2):83-95. doi:10.3390/insects2020083##10. Haghi SFM, Behbodi M, Hajati H, Shafaroudi MM. Prevalence of bed bug (Cimex lectularius) in human settlement area of Bahnamir, Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2014;4:786-789. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60727-1##11. Dehghani R, Hashemi A, Takhtfiroozeh SM, Chimehi E, Chimehi E. Bed bug (Cimex lectularis) outbreak: A cross-sectional study in Polour, Iran. Iranian Journal of Dermatology. 2016;19(1):16-20.##12. Potter M. A bed bug state of mind: emerging issues in bed bug management. Pest Control Technology. 2005;33(10):82-85.##13. May M. Bedbugs bounce back in all 50 states. The San Francisco Chronicle, Sunday, April. 2007; 8: A1.##14. Potter MF, Rosenberg B, Henriksen M. Bugs without borders-executive summary. National Pest Management Association. 2010.##15. Moriyama M, Koga R, Hosokawa T, Nikoh N, Futahashi R, Fukatsu T. Comparative transcriptomics of the bacteriome and the spermalege of the bedbug Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. 2012;47(3):233-243. doi:10.1007/s13355-012-0112-z##16. Miller DM, Polanco AM, Rogers J. Bed bug biology and behavior. 2019.##17. Delaunay P, Blanc V, Del Giudice P, Levy-Bencheton A, Chosidow O, Marty P, et al. Bedbugs and infectious diseases. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011;52(2):200-210. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq102##18. Reinhardt K, Siva-Jothy MT. Biology of the bed bugs (Cimicidae). Annual review of entomology. 2007; 52: 351-374. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913##19. Goddard J, deshazo R. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. Jama. 2009;301(13):1358-1366. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405##20. Reinhardt K, Kempke D, Naylor R, Siva‐Jothy M. Sensitivity to bites by the bedbug, Cimex lectularius. Medical and veterinary entomology. 2009; 23(2): 163-166. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00793.x##21. Lehane MJ, Lehane MJ, Lehane MJ. The biology of blood-sucking in insects: Cambridge University Press; 2005. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511610493##22. Anderson J, Ferrandino F, McKnight S, Nolen J, Miller J. A carbon dioxide, heat and chemical lure trap for the bedbug, Cimex lectularius. Medical and veterinary entomology. 2009;23(2):99-105. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00790.x##23. Harraca V, Ryne C, Birgersson G, Ignell R. Smelling your way to food: can bed bugs use our odour? 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شناسایی روند تخریب نیکوتین توسط گیاهان دریایی با استفاده از الکترود اصلاح شده با نانوالیاف هیبریدی کیتوسان/نانولوله کربنی عاملدار Nicotine Degradation Detection by Marine Plants Using Hybrid Modified Electrode Made of Chitosan Nanofibers and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes 1 1 زمینه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر به منظور شناسایی نیکوتین (NIC) موجود در آب دریا با وجود ته سیگار، چند گیاه و جلبک دریایی با استفاده از الکترود اصلاح شده کربن شیشه‌ای (MGCE) به روش ولتامتری چرخه‌ای (CV) انجام شد.  روش‌ها: الکترود با استفاده از تکنیک الکتروریسیِ نانولوله کربنی و کیتوسان سنتز شد و می‌تواند NIC ته سیگار شناور در آکواریوم آب شور را با حضور دو نوع گیاه دریایی و یک مدل جلبک کاشته شده در ماسه دریایی شناسایی نماید. یافته‌ها: سیگنال اکسیداسیون در پتانسیل پایین‌تر و جریان‌ بالاتر در حضور ته سیگار به ترتیب برای سه گیاه Acetabularia، Caulerpa Mexicana و اسفنج جلبکی Codium SP نشان‌دهنده تجزیه NIC توسط این گیاهان هنگام فوتوسنتز و با گذشت زمان بود. این اعداد به ترتیب برای این گیاهان 0/82، 0/81 و 0/83 میلی ولت، با جریان های ­­­57/70 ، 56/56 و 51/49 میلی آمپر بدست آمد. تغییرات pH، ولتاژ و جریان الکتریکی در گذشت زمان و نرخ اسکن بررسی گردید و نتایج نشان داد که الکترود حاضر برای تشخیص موازی NIC برای 5 بار تکرار، 97/2% با انحراف معیار استاندارد 4/08  توانست پایداری خود را نسبت به چرخه اول حفظ نماید. نتیجه‌گیری: بنابراین الکترود MGCE دارای تکرارپذیری و پایداری عالی است و می‌توان از این الکترود برای مسیریابی مناسب غواصی در محیط‌های دارای زباله خطرناک شهری بهره‌برداری نمود. 2 Background and Aim: The present study was performed to identify nicotine (NIC) in seawater in the presence of cigarette butts, several plants and seaweed using a modified glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Methods: The electrode was synthesized using the electrospinning technique of carbon nanotubes and chitosan and can detect the NIC of floating cigarette butts in a saltwater aquarium with the presence of two types of marine plants and a model of algae planted in sea sand. Results: Oxidation signals at lower potentials and higher currents in the presence of cigarette butts for the three plants Acetabularia, Caulerpa Mexicana and the algae sponge Codium SP show the decomposition of nicotine by these plants during photosynthesis and over time, respectively. These numbers for these plants are 0.82, 0.81 and 0.83 mV with currents of 57.70, 56.56 and 51.49 mA, respectively. Changes in pH, voltage and electric current over time and scan rate were investigated and the results show that the present electrode for parallel detection of NIC for 5 repetitions, 97.2% with standard deviation of 4.08 was able to maintain its stability compared to the first cycle.   Conclusion: Therefore, MGCE electrode has excellent repeatability and stability, and this electrode can be used for proper diving guidance in environments with hazardous municipal waste. 75 82 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/42021/04/26 1400/2/6 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/292021/05/24 1400/3/3 ابوالفضل میرانی Abolfazl Mirani دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب St_a_mirani@azad.ac.ir لاله ملک نیا Laleh Maleknia گروه مهندسی پزشکی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران maleknia.nrc@azad.ac.ir امیر امیرآبادی Amir Amirabadi دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب a_amirabadi@azad.ac.ir Nicotine Nanofibers Chitosan Multi-walled Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Marine Plants. نیکوتین نانوالیاف کیتوسان نانولوله کربنی چند دیواره عامل‌دار گیاهان دریایی. 1. 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خواص سمیّت سلولی عصاره اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp. و تحریک آپوپتوز سلول‌های سرطانی کولورکتال Cytotoxic Properties of Marine Sponge Thetya sp. Extract and Apoptosis Stimulation against Colorectal Cancer Cells 1 1 زمینه و هدف: یافتن ترکیبات فعال زیستی از منابع دریایی برای مهار سرطان از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. در مطالعه حاضر به  ارزیابی اثر سمیّت سلولی و تحریک آپوپتوز عصاره­های اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp. علیه سلول سرطانی کولورکتال پرداخته شد.   روش‌ها: اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp. از دریای عمان در سال 1399 صید شد و با حلال­های متانول، کلروفرم، هگزان و اتیل استات عصاره­گیری گردید. عصاره در غلظت‌های 900، 400، 200، 100، 50 و 30 µg/ml روی رده سلول سرطانی کولورکتال مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آزمون سمیت سلولی با روش MTT و بررسی اثر آپوپتوزی با روش فلوسایتومتری انجام شد. یافته‌ها: بقای سلول­های سرطانی کولورکتال در عصاره متانولی اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp. در غلظت 900 µg/ml برابر 32/92 درصد بود. میزان IC50 عصاره متانولی علیه سلول­های سرطانی کولورکتال برابر 556/4 µg/ml به دست آمد. عصاره کلروفرمی اسفنج با IC50 برابر 1330/95 µg/ml برای سلول­های سرطانی کولورکتال اثر کمتری نسبت به عصاره متانولی نشان داد. همچنین عصاره متانولی اسفنج با 25 درصد آپوپتوزیس و 14 درصد نکروزیس اولیه سلول سرطانی کولورکتال در غلظت 756/4 µg/ml اثر خود را نشان داد. عصاره­ های اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp. بر سلول‌های سالم اثر معنی‌دار سیتوتوکسیک نداشتند.   نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می­رسد عصاره تام متانولی اسفنج دریایی Thetya sp.دارای متابولیت‌هایی با خواص ضد سرطانی است که توانایی مهار سلول‌های سرطانی کولورکتال را دارد. 2 Background and Aim: Finding the biologically active compounds from marine sources is of particular importance for cancer control. In the present study, the effect of cytotoxicity and apoptosis stimulation of marine sponge Thetya sp. extracts against colorectal cancer cells was evaluated. Methods: Marine sponge Thetya sp. was caught from the Oman Sea in 2020 and extracted with solvents of methanol, chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate. The extract was evaluated at concentrations of 900, 400, 200, 100, 50 and 30 µg/ml on the colorectal cancer cell line. Cytotoxicity test was performed by MTT method and the effect of apoptosis was performed by flowcytometry method. Results: The survival rate of colorectal cancer cells in methanolic extract of Thetya sp. at concentration of 900 µg/ml was 32.92%. The IC50 of the methanolic extract against colorectal cancer cells was 556.4 µg/ml. Chloroform extract of marine sponge with IC50=1330.95 µg/ml showed less effect for colorectal cancer cells than methanolic extract. Also, methanolic extract of marine sponge with 25% apoptosis and 14% primary colorectal cancer cell necrosis showed its effect at concentration of 756.4 µg/ml. Marine sponge Thetya sp. extracts had no significant cytotoxic effect on healthy cells.  Conclusion: It seems that the total methanolic extract of marine sponge Thetya sp. has metabolites with anti-cancer properties that can inhibit colorectal cancer cells. 83 90 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/42021/04/262021/04/30 1400/2/10 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/292021/05/242021/05/10 1400/2/20 سمیرا جلالی نژاد Samira Jalalinezhad دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران samirajalalinezhad@gmail.com سید عبدالمجید آیت اللهی Seyed Abdolmajid Ayatollahi فارماکوگنوزی majid_ayatollahi@yahoo.com علی طاهری Ali Taheri علوم دریایی taherienator@gmail.com Marine Sponge Cytotoxic Apoptosis Necrosis Colorectal Cancer. اسفنج دریایی سمیت سلولی آپوپتوز نکروز سرطان کولورکتال. 1. World Health Organization. Cancer. 2012. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/##factsheets/fs297/en/.##2. American Cancer Society. Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2020-2022. Availabale online at: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/colorectal-cancer-facts-and-figures.##3. Ernst J, Kuipers WMG, Lieberman D, Seufferlein T, Joseph J, Sung PGB, van de Velde CJH, Watanabe T. Colorectal cancer. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2015; 1:15065. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.65##4. Alhurry AMAH, Rezaianzadeh A, Rahimikazerooni S, Akool MA, Bahrami F, Shahidinia SS, Pourahmad M. A Review of the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in the Middle East. Annals of Colorectal Research. 2017; 5(3-4):46292.##5. Malekzadeh R, Bishehsari F, Mahdavinia M, Ansari R. Epidemiology and molecular genetics of colorectal cancer in Iran: a review. Archieves of Iranian Medicine. 2009; 12(2):161-169.##6. Rezaianzadeh A, Safarpour AR, Marzban M, Mohaghegh A. A systematic review over the incidence of colorectal cancer in Iran. Annals of colorectal research. 2015; 3(1). doi:10.17795/acr-25724##7. Xu L, Zhou L, Zhao J, Li J, Li X, Wang J. Fungal endophytes from Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizomes and their antibacterial activity. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2008; 46(1):68-72. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02264.x##8. Amador ML, Jimeno J, Paz-Ares L, Cortes-Funes H, Hidalgo M. Progress in the development and acquisition of anticancer agents from marine sources. Annals of Oncology. 2003; 14:1607-1615. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg443##9. Ireland CM, Copp BR, Foster MP, McDonald LA, Radisky DC, Swersey JC. Biomedical potential of marine natural products. In Atta way DH, ZaborskyOR (eds), Marine Biotechnology, 1993. Vol. 1, Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, Plenum Press, NY, pp. 1-43. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2391-2_1##10. Sipkema D, Franssen MCR, Osinga R, Tramper J, Wijffels RH. Marine Sponges as Pharmacy. Marine Biotechnology 2005; 7:142-162. doi:10.1007/s10126-004-0405-5##11. Faulkner DJ. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports. 2002; 19:1-48. doi:10.1039/b009029h##12. Bergmann W, Feeney RJ. Contributions to the study of marine products, XXXII: the nucleosides of sponges, I. Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1951; 16:981-987. doi:10.1021/jo50002a005doi:10.1021/jo01146a023##13. Proksch P, Edrada R, Ebel R. Drugs from the seas-current status and microbiological implications. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2002; 59(2-3):125-134. doi:10.1007/s00253-002-1006-8##14. Schwartsmann G. Marine organisms and other novel natural sources of new cancer drugs. Annals of Oncology. 2000; 11(3):235-243. doi:10.1093/annonc/11.suppl_3.235doi:10.1023/A:1011160906608##15. Shubina LK, Makarieva TN, von Amsberg G, Denisenko VA, Popov RS, Dyshlovoy SA. Monanchoxymycalin C with anticancer properties, new analogue of crambescidin 800 from the marine sponge Monanchora pulchra. Natural Product Research. 2017; 33(10): 1415-1422. doi:10.1080/14786419.2017.1419231##16. Azcuna M, Tun JO, Yap HT, Concepcion GP. Callyspongia samarensis (Porifera) extracts exhibit anticancer activity and induce bleaching in Porites cylindrica (Scleractinia). Chemistry and Ecology. 2018; 34(5):397-411. doi:10.1080/02757540.2018.1437148##17. Chairman K, Ranjit Singh AJA, Alagumuthu G. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of selected marine sponges. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropic Disease. 2012; 2(3):234-238. doi:10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60053-X##18. Mosman T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Joutnal of Immunological Methods. 1983; 65(1-2):55-63. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4##19. Wlodkowic D, Skommer J, Darzynkiewicz Z. Flowcytometry-based apoptosis detection. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2009; 559:19-32. doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-017-5_2##20. Monks NR, Lerner C, Henriques AT, Farias FM, Schapoval EES, Suyenaga ES, da Rocha AB, Schwartzmann G, Mothes B. Anticancer, antichemotactic and antimicrobial activities of marine sponges collected off coast of Santa Catarina. Journal of Experiment Marine Biology and Ecology 2002; 281(1-2):1-12. doi:10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00380-5##21. Seleghim MHR, Lira SP, Kossuga MH, Batista T, Berlinck RGS, Hajdu E, et al. Antibiotic, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activity of crude extracts from Brazilian marine invertebrates. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2007; 17(3):287-318. doi:10.1590/S0102-695X2007000300002##22. Biegelmeyer R, Schröder R, Rambo DF, Dresch RR, Carraro JLF, Mothes BB, Moreira JCF, da Frota Jounior MLC, Henriques AT. pH-dependent cytotoxic effects of extracts of the marine sponge Polymastia janeirensis on cancer cell lines. Natural Product Research. 2016; 30(23): 2734-2737. doi:10.1080/14786419.2016.1143824##23. 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تعیین فلورفنیکلِ باقیمانده در بافت خوراکی میگوی پرورشی استان بوشهر Determination of Florfenicol Residues in the Edible Tissue of Shrimp Reared in Bushehr Province’s Farms (Iran) 1 1 زمینه و هدف: کیفیت بهداشتی یک محصول دریایی می­تواند نقش تعیین کننده­ای در موفقیت کسب و کار و توسعه بازار جهانی داشته باشد. بدین منظور، در مطالعه حاضر، باقیمانده داروی آنتی‌باکتریال فلورفنیکل در بافت خوراکی (ماهیچه) میگوی پرورشی در مزارع استان بوشهر تعیین گردید. روش‌ها: تعداد 50 قطعه میگو پا سفید غربی (Litopenaeus vannamei) از 7 مزرعه در مناطق حله، دلوار، دیر، دیلم، شیف، گناوه، و موند استان بوشهر در سال 1397 به صورت تازه خریداری شد. نمونه­ های برداشته شده از بخش شکمی میگو تا زمان انجام تست­های باقیمانده دارویی، در دمای 18- درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شدند. سنجش غلظت فلورفنیکل از طریق کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) به انجام رسید. یافته‌ها: میانگین باقیمانده فلورفنیکل در میگو پرورشی استان بوشهر به طور معنی­داری کمتر از مقدار استاندارد ارزیابی محصولات دارویی (برابر با 1 میکروگرم بر گرم) است. نتیجه‌گیری: طبق یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر، مصرف روزانه میگوی پرورشی در مزارع استان بوشهر، فاقد منع بهداشتی از نظر انباشتگی فلورفنیکل است. 2 Background and Aim: The health quality of seafood products can be a decisive factor to achieve business prosper and development of global marketing. For this purpose, the present study intends to determine the residues of florfenicol antimicrobial agent in the edible tissue (muscle) of Whiteleg shrimp reared in Bushehr Province’s farms. Methods: 50 Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were purchased freshly from 7 farms in regions Helleh, Delvar, Dayyer, Deylam, Sheef, Genaveh, and Mond of Bushehr Province. The samples from abdomen muscle kept at -18 °C until the residues drug tests were performed. The florfenicol concentration was measured through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:  The mean of florfenicol residues in Whiteleg shrimp muscle reared in Bushehr Province was significantly lower than the drug products evaluation standard value (1 μg/g). Conclusion: Therefore, the daily consumption of the Whiteleg shrimp reared in this region has no health ban in terms of florfenicol accumulation. 91 96 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/42021/04/262021/04/302021/04/20 1400/1/31 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/292021/05/242021/05/102021/05/2 1400/2/12 نیما شیری Nima Shiry معاونت صید و بنادر ماهیگیری، اداره کل شیلات استان خوزستان، آبادان، ایران nimashiry@yahoo.com نگین درخشش Negin Derakhshesh سازمان شیلات ایران negin.biology@gmail.com احمد رهبر Ahmad Rahbar سازمان شیلات ایران a.rahbar90@yahoo.com Drug Residues Florfenicol Product Health Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei). باقیمانده دارویی فلورفنیکل سلامت محصول میگوی پا سفید غربی (Litopenaeus vannamei). 1. Gholamhosseini A, Kheirandish MR, Shiry N, Akhlaghi M, Soltanian S, Roshanpour H, et al. Use of a methanolic olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) against white spot virus syndrome in Penaeus vannamei: Comparing the biochemical, hematological and immunological changes. Aquaculture. 2020; 528:735556. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735556##2. Afshrnasab, 2007. Shrimp viral diseases. Publication of Iran Fisheries Research Institute, Tehran. 210p. ##3. Shiry N, Soltanian S, Shomali T. Determination of optimal clinical dosage of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout with the experimental Streptococcosis/ Lactococcosis, and assessment of drug residues in their liver and muscles. Iran. 2020; 16(66): 49-62. doi:10.22055/IVJ.2019.160880.2100##4. Khan M, Lively JA. Determination of sulfite and antimicrobial residue in imported shrimp to the USA. Aquaculture Reports. 2020; 18: 100529. doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100529##5. Johnson SK. Handbook of Shrimp Diseases. Texas A&M University. 1991. 28p.##6. Bondad-Reantaso MG, McGladdery SE, East I, Subasinghe RP. 2001. Asia Diagnostic Guide to Aquatic Animal Diseases, Chapter 4: Crustacean diseases. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 402/2.##7. Shiry N, Shomali T, Soltanian S, Akhlaghi M. Comparative single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) at health and experimental infection with Streptococcus iniae or Lactococcus garvieae. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2019;41(6): 51-64. doi:10.1111/jvp.12736##8. Uyaguari M, Montoya N. Antibiotic Accumulation in Shrimp Pond Sediments. Research News from Ecuador: Global Aquaculture Advocate. 2003.78-81.##9. Towers L. Effects of florfenicol on white shrimp. The Fish Site. 2015. Accessible from 16 February 2015. at: https://thefishsite.com/articles/effect-of-florfenicol-on-white-shrimp##10. Motallebi AA. Detection of antibiotic residue, chloramphenicol, nitrofurans, furazolidone, matrix and drug residue in shrimp Peneaus indicus in Iran. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 2006; 3(1): 375-384.##11. Iran Fisheries Organization. Statistical yearbook of fisheries (2013-2018). Deputy of Planning and Resource Management, Statistics Group. 2018. 33p. ##12. Wang J, MacNeil JD, Kay JF. Chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in food. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, Hoboken NJ, USA. 2012. doi:10.1002/9781118067208##13. Fadaeifard F, Rahimi E, Raissy M, Faghani M. Determination of florfenicol residues in the muscle and liver of cultured rainbow trout in Iran by ELISA. Journal of Chemistry & Health Risk. 2015;5(4): 267-272. doi:10.22034/JCHR.2015.544116##14. Schering-Plough Animal Health Corp. Freedom of information summary, Original new animal drug application, AQUAFLOR Type A Medicated Article (florfenicol), An Antibiotic, For the control of mortality in catfish due to enteric septicemia of catfish associated with Edwardsiella ictaluri. (3th ed.) NADA. 2005;141-246. P. 5-16.##15. Newman SG. Why are antibiotic residues in farmed shrimp a big deal? Global Aquaculture Advocate. 2019. Accessible from 18 November 2019 at: https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/why-are-antibiotic-residues-in-farmed-shrimp-a-big-deal/## ##

نقش فلوروتانن مشتق شده از جلبک قهوه‌ای Padina sp. به عنوان عامل محافظت‌کننده در برابر اشعه ماورای بنفش و استرس اکسیداتیو Role of Phlorotannins Derived from Brown Alga Padina sp. as a Protective Agent against Ultraviolet Radiation and Oxidative Stress 1 1 زمینه و هدف: فلوروتانن‌ها یکی از ترکیبات مهم پلی‌فنولی در جلبک‌های قهوه‌ای هستند که می‌تواند به عنوان فیلتر UV آلی در فرمولاسیون کرم ضدآفتاب مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر جداسازی فلوروتانن از جلبک قهوه‌ای Padina sp. و ارزیابی فعالیت‌های بیولوژیکی آن و اندازه‌گیری ضریب حفاظت نوری بود. روش‌ها: در مطالعه آزمایشگاهی، فراکشن‌های اتیل استاتی و آبی از جلبک قهوه‌ای Padina sp. جدا گردید. میزان فلوروتانن، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدباکتریایی فراکشن‌ها به عنوان فعالیت زیستی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فراکشن غنی از فلورتانن در فرمولاسیون کرم استفاده و در نهایت ضریب حفاظت نوری آن اندازه‌گیری شد. یافته‌ها: طبق نتایج به‌دست آمده، میزان فلوروتانن در فراکشن اتیل استاتی بالاتر بود. همچنین، فراکشن اتیل استاتی نشان داد که توانایی مهار رادیکال آزاد ABTS در غلظت 3 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر به میزان 0/8±63/81 درصد است. در فعالیت ضدباکتریایی، فراکشن اتیل استاتی تاثیر بیشتری بر مهار رشد باکتری‌های گرم منفی نسبت به باکتری‌های گرم مثبت نشان داد، در حالی که فراکشن آبی هیچ گونه تاثیری در مهار رشد باکتری‌های گرم منفی و مثبت نداشت. بر طبق طبقه‌بندی اروپایی، فرمولاسیون کرم محتوی 5 درصد فراکشن اتیل استاتی با 20/49=SPF در طبقه محافظت نوری بالا قرار می‌گیرد. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های حاصل از این مطالعه می‌تواند نویدبخش استفاده از جلبک قهوه‌ای Padina sp. به عنوان منبع ارزشمند ترکیبات محافظ در مقابل نور خورشید برای کاربردهای دارویی و آرایشی باشد. 2 Background and Aim: Fluorotanens is one of the most important polyphenolic compounds in brown algae that can be used as an organic UV filter in sunscreen formulations. The aim of the present study was to isolate fluorotanen from the brown alga Padina sp. to evaluate its biological activities and the Sun Protection Factor. Methods: In this experimental study, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were isolated from brown alga Padina sp. The total content of phlorotannins and the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the fractions were studied as biological activity. Phlorotannins- rich fraction was used in the cream formulation and finally its Sun Protection Factor was measured. Results: According to the finding, the total content of phlorotannins in the ethyl acetate fraction was higher than other fractions. Ethyl acetate fraction had the ability to inhibit ABTS free radical at the concentration of 3 mg/mL by 63.81±0.8%. In antibacterial activity, ethyl acetate fraction showed a greater effect on inhibiting the growth of gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive bacteria, while the aqueous fraction had no effect on inhibiting the growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. According to the European classification, the cream formulation containing 5% ethyl acetate fraction with SPF = 20.49 categorize in the high Sun Protection Factor class. Conclusion: Findings from this study can be promising for the use of brown algae Padina sp. as a valuable source of sun protection compounds for medicinal and cosmetic applications. 97 106 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/42021/04/262021/04/302021/04/202021/04/29 1400/2/9 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/292021/05/242021/05/102021/05/22021/05/19 1400/2/29 سولماز سلیمانی Soolmaz Soleimani دانشگاه هرمزگان soleimanisoolmaz@gmail.com سپیده بابائی ماهانی نژاد Sepideh Babaei Mahani Nezhad دانشگاه هرمزگان sepidehbabaie072@gmail.com مرتضی یوسف زادی Morteza Yousefzadi گروه زیست شناسی دریا، دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران morteza110110@gmail.com Phlorotannins Bioactivity Sunscreen Sun protection factor. فلوروتانن فعالیت زیستی ضدآفتاب فاکتور حفاظت نوری. 1. Ichihashi M, Ueda M, Budiyanto A, Bito T, Oka M, Fukunaga M, Tsuru T, Horikawa T. UV-induced skin damage. Toxicology. 2003;189(1-2):21-39. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00150-1##2. Bennet D, Kang SC, Gang J, Kim S. 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Extraction and identification of phlorotannins from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell. Marine Drugs. 2017;15(2):49-56. doi:10.3390/md15020049##8. Le Lann K, Surget G, Couteau C, Coiffard L, Cérantola S, Gaillard F, Larnicol M, Zubia M, Guérard F, Poupart N, Stiger-Pouvreau V. Sunscreen, antioxidant, and bactericide capacities of phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Halidrys siliquosa. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2016; 28(6):3547-59. doi:10.1007/s10811-016-0853-0##9. Mancuso F, Messina C, Santulli A, Laudicella V, Giommi C, Sarà G, Airoldi L. Influence of ambient temperature on the photosynthetic activity and phenolic content of the intertidal Cystoseira compressa along the Italian coastline. Journal of Applied Phycology. 2019;31(5):3069-76. doi:10.1007/s10811-019-01802-z##10. Bittkau KS, Neupane S, Alban S. Initial evaluation of six different brown algae species as source for crude bioactive fucoidans. 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Structural elucidation, in vitro antioxidant and photoprotective capacities of a purified polyphenolic-enriched fraction from a saltmarsh plant. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 2015; 143:52-60. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.018##14. Rahman F, Alim A, Ahsan T, Islam T, Alam M, Hossain MN. Screening of potential bioactive compounds from Padina Gymnospora found in the coast of st. martin island of Bangladesh. Journal of Marine Biology and Aquaculture. 2021;6(1):1-7.##15. Maggio A, Alduina R, Oddo E, Piccionello AP, Mannino AM. Antibacterial activity and HPLC analysis of extracts from Mediterranean brown algae. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2020;5(1):1-8. doi:10.1080/11263504.2020.1829737##16. Mačić V, Antolić B, Žuljević A. A Checklist of the Benthic Marine Macroalgae in Montenegrin Coastal Waters. 2021;1-8. doi:10.1007/698_2020_720##17. Le Lann K, Jegou C, Stiger‐Pouvreau V. 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خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌های آلی جلبک Rhizoclonium riparium دریای عمان Antioxidant Properties of Organic Extracts of Seaweed Rhizoclonium Riparium from Oman Sea 1 1 زمینه و هدف: جلبک‌های دریایی یکی از غنی‌ترین منابع آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های طبیعی به شمار می‌روند. در این مطالعه خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌های آلی گونه جلبک Rhizoclonium riparium دریای عمان بررسی شد. روش‌ها: بعد از جمع‌آوری جلبک Rhizoclonium riparium از دریای عمان اقدام به شستشو با آب دریا و سپس آب شیرین گردید. برای تهیه عصاره با حلال‌های متانول، کلروفرم، هگزان و دی کلرومتان به نسبت ۱:۴ نمونه‌ها خشکانیده و سپس آسیاب شد. بررسی خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها با استفاده از سه روش حذف رادیکال آزاد DPPH (2،2 دی فنیل-1-پیکریل هیدرازیل)، فعالیت کلاته کردن یون فلزی و قدرت کاهشی انجام شد. یافته‌ها: عصاره کلروفرمی جلبک R. riparium با مهار رادیکال آزاد (8/63±94/4%)، فعالیت کلاته­کنندگی (8/01±30/0 %) و قدرت کاهندگی (0/7) در غلظت یک میلی­گرم در میلی‌لیتر دارای بیشترین خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بود. کمترین میزان IC50 در عصاره کلروفرمی گزارش شد. نتیجه‌گیری: از میان عصاره‌ها و غلظت‌های مورداستفاده، عصاره کلروفرمی جلبک R. riparium  در غلظت یک میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر، بیشترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی را دارا بود و این عصاره برای مطالعات درون تنی (in vivo) و شناسایی ترکیبات فعال آنتی‌اکسیدانی پیشنهاد می­ گردد. 2 Background and Aim: Marine algae are one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant properties of the extract of seaweed Rhizoclonium riparium investigated. Methods: The algae were collected from the coasts of the Oman Sea, and washed with sea water and tap water. The algae were then dried and powdered with an electric mill. Methanol, chloroform, hexane and dichloromethane used as solvents (1:4). The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using three methods of free radical scavenging (DPPH), metal ion chelating and reduction power.   Results: the chloroform extract of algae Rhizoclonium riparium at the concentration of 1 mg/ml showed the most antioxidant properties with free radical scavenging activity DPPH, 94.8±4.63%; chelating activity, 30.8±0.01%; and reduction power, 0.7. The lowest IC50 recorded in Choloroform extract. Conclusion: the chloroform extracts of algae Rhizoclonium riparium at the concentration of 1 mg/ml had the highest antioxidant activity and this extract is recommended for in vivo studies and identification of its active antioxidant compounds. 107 115 2021/04/242021/03/162021/04/42021/04/262021/04/302021/04/202021/04/292021/04/22 1400/2/2 2021/04/292021/04/152021/04/292021/05/242021/05/102021/05/22021/05/192021/05/19 1400/2/29 معصومه گهرام زئی Masumeh Gahramzai دانشگاه masoumgahram@gmail.com علی طاهری Ali Taheri دانشکده علوم دریایی، دانشگاه دریانوردی و علوم دریایی چابهار، چابهار، ایران taherienator@gmail.com Algae Rhizoclonium riparium Antioxidant Reduction Power Chelating Activity DPPH free Radical Scavenging. جلبک آنتی‌اکسیدان قدرت کاهشی فعالیت کلاته‌کنندگی حذف رادیکال آزاد DPPH. 1. Chew YL, Lim YY, Omar M, Khoo KS. Antioxidant activity of three edible seaweeds from two areas in South East Asia. 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