<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<XML>
<JOURNAL>
<YEAR>1403</YEAR>
<VOL>6</VOL>
<NO>2</NO>
<MOSALSAL>23</MOSALSAL>
<PAGE_NO>164</PAGE_NO>


<ARTICLES>

	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>ضرورت هنجاری، ساختاری و رفتاری در به رسمت شناختن مشاغل دریایی به‌عنوان مشاغل سخت و زیان‌آور از منظر حقوقی و پزشکی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Normative, Structural, and Behavioral Necessity in Recognizing Maritime Jobs as Hard and Hazardous</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: امروز بیش از 90 درصد حمل و نقل کالا، صادرات نفت و وارادت کالای اساسی از طریق دریا صورت می گیرد که امنیت خطوط مواصلاتی واردات و صادرات کالای کشور در آبهای بین المللی با فاصله بیش از 2000 کیلومتری از عمق خاک کشور نیز توسط نیروی دریایی راهبردی صورت می گیرد. مسلما تصدی مشاغل دریایی نهادهای دریایی سختی خاص خود را دارد که قابل قیاس با مشاغل غیر دریایی نیست و ضروری است قوه مقننه و مجریه در جهت ارتقای کارآمدی و اثر بخشی و همینطور نهادینه نمودن مولفه های حکمرانی خوب ، قوانین و مقررات را در مورد سختی مشاغل دریایی مورد بازنگری قرار دهند و این مشاغل را از منظر رفتاری، ساختاری و رفتاری به عنوان مشاغل سخت به رسمیت بشناسند. هدف این پزوهش بررسی هنجاری، ساختاری و رفتاری در به رسمت شناختن مشاغل دریایی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت و زیان&#8204;آور از منظر حقوقی و پزشکی که می تواند در توسعه دریا محور نقشی اساسی داشته باشد.
روش&#8204;ها: در این تحقیق با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی ضرورت هنجاری، ساختاری و رفتاری در به رسمت شناختن مشاغل دریایی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت و زیان&#8204;آور مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قار گرفت.
یافته&#8204;ها: از این منظر در به رسمیت شناختن مشاغل دریایی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت و مبتنی بر مشقت اختلاف نظری در میان کارشناسان حقوقی، پزشکی و فنی نیست و&#160; همه اشخاص اعم از حقیقی و حقوقی بر سخت بودن مشاغل دریایی و کار در دریا تاکید می نمایند و این فرضیه را می پذیرند که مشاغل دریایی سخت و طاقت&#8204;فرسا است. اما به نظر می&#8204;رسد از لحاظ هنجاری، ساختاری و رفتاری اقدام قابل&#8204;توجهی برای احتساب این مشاغل و طبقه بندی آنان در زیر مجموعه مشاغل سخت و زیان&#8204;آور صورت نگرفته است. از این وادی با استعانت از سخنان آسمانی پیامبر رحمت و رأفت حضرت محمد (ص) مبنی بر امتیازات خاص مقام شهید در دریا که به نظر می&#8204;رسد منتج از مشقت کار در دریا است، و همینطور اظهار نظر کارشناسان و متخصصین حقوقی، دریایی، پزشکی و بهداشت محیط در به رسمیت شناخته شدن مشاغل دریایی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت و طاقت&#8204;فرسا و همینطور تاکید و تأیید سختی کار در دریا توسط ریاست وقت قوه مقننه می&#8204;تواند راه را برای به رسمیت شناختن مشاغل دریایی&#160; به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت هموار نماید.
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: نتایج این پژوهش مبین این است که در دنیای امروزی مشاغل دریایی از منظربین المللی به&#8204;عنوان یکی از مشاغل سخت و طاقت&#8204;فرسا به&#8204;حساب می&#8204;آید به&#8204;طوری&#8204;که به دلیل این سختی&#8204;ها از مزایای خاص مربوط به مشاغل سخت و زیان&#8204;آور برخوردار است و از منظر حقوق و مزایا و بازنشستگی هم در کشورهای درحال&#8204;توسعه&#8204;ای مانند هند و پاکستان و هم در کشورهای توسعه یافته تفاوت قابل&#8204;توجهی در مقایسه با مشاغل موجود در خشکی دارد. بر اساس پژوهش&#8204;های صورت گرفته در سطح بین&#8204;المللی مشاغل دریایی یکی از طاقت&#8204;فرساترین مشاغل در دنیاست و هرساله دریانوردان زیادی به علت سختی&#8204;های خاص مشاغل دریایی از ادامه فعالیت در این حرفه دست می&#8204;کشند. ازاین&#8204;رو به نظر می&#8204;رسد در نظام قانون&#173;گذاری&#160; ایران نیز ضروری است که مشاغل دریایید به خصوص مشاغل حاکمیتی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت مورد شناسایی قرار بگیرد. از این منظر احتساب مشاغل دریایی به&#8204;عنوان مشاغل سخت می&#8204;تواند باعث ارتقاء کارایی و اثربخشی به&#8204;عنوان عنصر گوهری در حکمرانی دریایی شود و زمینه ایجاد تمدن مدرن دریایی در قرن 21 که ایران به دنبال آن است را فراهم نماید.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Background and Aim: Today, more than 90% of goods transportation, oil export and import of basic goods are carried out by sea, and the security of the country&#39;s import and export transportation lines in international waters with a distance of more than 2000 km from the depth of the country&#39;s soil is also ensured by the strategic navy. takes place Of course, holding maritime jobs of maritime institutions has its own difficulty, which cannot be compared with non-maritime jobs, and it is necessary for the legislative and executive branches to improve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as to institutionalize the components of good governance, laws and regulations regarding the difficulty of jobs to revise and recognize these jobs as hard jobs from a behavioral, structural and behavioral point of view. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the normative, structural and behavioral aspects of recognizing maritime jobs as difficult and harmful jobs from a legal and medical point of view, which can play an essential role in the development of the maritime sector.
Methods: In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, the normative, structural and behavioral necessity in recognizing maritime jobs as hard and harmful jobs was investigated and analyzed.
Results: From this point of view, there is no difference of opinion among legal, medical and technical experts in recognizing maritime jobs as hard jobs based on hardship, and all individuals, both real and legal, emphasize the difficulty of maritime jobs and work at sea, and this hypothesis They accept that maritime jobs are hard and exhausting. But it seems that in terms of norms, structure and behavior, no significant action has been taken to include these jobs and classify them under the set of hard and loss-making jobs. From this valley, with the help of the heavenly words of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding the special privileges of the position of a martyr at sea, which seems to be the result of hard work at sea, as well as the opinions of experts and legal, maritime, medical and Environmental health in the recognition of maritime jobs as hard and exhausting jobs, as well as the emphasis and confirmation of the difficulty of working at sea by the head of the legislature can pave the way for the recognition of maritime jobs as hard jobs.
Conclusion: The results of this research show that in today&#39;s world, maritime jobs are considered as one of the hard and exhausting jobs from an international perspective, so that due to these difficulties, it has special benefits related to hard and loss-making jobs, and from the perspective of salaries and benefits and retirement in There is a significant difference in developing countries such as India and Pakistan as well as in developed countries compared to jobs on land. According to international researches, maritime jobs are one of the most exhausting jobs in the world, and every year many sailors stop working in this profession due to the special difficulties of maritime jobs. Therefore, it seems that it is necessary in Iran&#39;s legislative system to identify maritime jobs, especially government jobs, as hard jobs. From this point of view, counting maritime jobs as hard jobs can improve efficiency and effectiveness as a key element in maritime governance and provide the basis for creating a modern maritime civilization in the 21st century that Iran is looking for.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>80</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>90</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/22
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/11/2
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/30
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/7/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>امیر نظام</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>براتی</Family>
				<NameE>Amir Nezam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Barati</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم دریایی امام خمینی (ره)، مازندران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>nezambarati@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ابوطالب</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مطلبی</Family>
				<NameE>Abutaleb</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Motalebi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>Assistant Professor at Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (RA), Mazandaran, Iran</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email></Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Maritime jobs</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Hard jobs</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Good governance</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مشاغل دریایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مشاغل سخت</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>حکمرانی مطلوب</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Qadirian,Amin, &#34;hard and harmful jobs; Definitions, rules, insurance premiums and retirement conditions,&#34; 14 December 2023 . [Online]. Available: https://www.bahesab.ir/time/conversion/. [Accessed 2024 June 25].##2. International Chamber of Shipping, &#34;Corona virus (COVID-19) Guidance for Ship Operators for the Protection of the Health of Seafarers,&#34; International Chamber of Shipping-Version 1.0 – 3 March, 2020.## 3. Parliament Research Center, Social security law, Tehran: Parliament Research Center, 1975 June 24, Tuesday. ##4. Expediency Discernment Council, Labor law, Tehran: Parliament Research Center, 1990. ##5. ISNA, &#34;&#34;Sailor and Fisherman&#34; have become hard and harmful jobs in nature,&#34; Iran Students News Agency, March 9, 1401. [Inline]. Available: https://www.isna.ir/news/1401120906416/%D9. [Acquired on June 21, 1403].##6. Qaderian,Amin , &#34;List of hard and harmful jobs,&#34; Mohaseban, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://mohaseban.org/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1/.##7. Shahriyari, Kamaloddin, &#34;Member of the Parliament's Construction Commission said: Maritime jobs are one of the most difficult and harmful jobs&#34;, March 8, 2017. [online]. Available: https://www.boursenews.ir/fa/news/188957/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%##8. Khodajo, Behnam, &#34;12 main reasons for which sailors leave the maritime profession,&#34; February 12, 2017. [Inline]. Available: http://seatime.ir/navigation/%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84_%d8%aa%d8%b1%da%a9_%d8%ad%d8 %b1%d9%81%d9%87##9.The Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), &#34;Kanz al-Amal: 10508 selected Mizan al-Hikmah: 116,&#34; accessible on the website: https://www.isna.ir/news/92061609132/%D9%86%DA%AF%D9% 87%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-, no.##10. Mashaikh, Mahmoud, quoted by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), the ceremony held on the 7th of Azar, Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences (pbuh), Mazandaran Nowsheh, 1400.## 11. Raunek, &#34;| In: Life At Sea,&#34; pp. avaiable at:https://www.marineinsight.com/life-at-sea/12-main-reasons-seafarers-quit-sea-jobs/ , 25 November 2021 . ##12. Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, vol. 1, p. 48, first edition, Beirut: Dar al-Katb al-Alamiya, 1405 AH.##13.Ibn Majah Qazvini, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, Sunan Ibn Majah, research, Abdul Baqi, Muhammad Fouad,, One martyr in the sea is like two martyrs in the land, vol. 2, Cairo, Egypt, p. 928.##14. Al-Mu'jam Al-Kabir, « Martyrs of the naval war are superior to the martyrs of the land war in the eyes of God», vol. 6, p. 52. n.d.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>ارزیابی آگاهی، نگرش و انتظار از ازدواج در پرسنل مجرد نیروی دریایی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Investigating Knowledge, Attitudes, and Expectations of Marriage among Unmarried Naval Personnel</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: نگرش و انتظار از ازدواج و فرزندآوری می&#8204;تواند نقش تعیین کننده در میزان موفقیت و شکست ازدواج داشته باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی آگاهی، نگرش و انتظار از ازدواج در پرسنل مجرد نیروی دریایی یکی از مناطق نظامی کشور و رابطه همبستگی عوامل دموگرافیک با این عوامل است.
روش&#8204;ها: این مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی با تعداد 100 نفر از پرسنل مجرد نیروی دریایی یکی از مناطق نظامی کشور و با استفاده از نمونه&#8204;گیری در دسترس&#160; انجام گردید. جهت جمع آوری داده ها از پرسشنامه آگاهی، نگرش و انتظار از ازدواج 31 سوالی با طیف لیکرت 4 گزینه&#8204;ای که روایی و پایایی آن تائید شده بود (آلفای کرونباخ کل سوالات=82%) استفاده گردید. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 16 و با استفاده از آزمونهای آمار توصیفی، تی تست وآزمون همبستگی پیرسون و اتا، تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته&#8204;ها: میانگین سنی افراد شرکت کننده 07/2&#177;5/27 سال بود. از نظر جنسیت 74 % مرد و 26 % زن بودند. سن مناسب ازدواج از نظر واحدهای مورد مطالعه به طور میانگین 15/3&#177;12/26 عنوان شده است. میانگین سن مناسب برای بچه دار شدن از نظر واحدهای مورد مطالعه به طور میانگین 82/3&#177;86/28 عنوان شده است. میانگین نمره آگاهی واحدهای مورد مطالعه 7/4&#177;65/37 و نمره نگرش 9/2&#177;25/18 بود که درسطح متوسط قرار دارد. همچنین میانگین نمره انتظار منفی از ازدواج 8/3&#177;58/31 بود که در سطح متوسط بود. تفاوت نمره آگاهی مردان به طورمعناداری بیشتر از زنان بود (01/0P&#60;) نمره انتظار از ازدواج مردان به طور معناداری بیشتر از زنان بود (04/0=P). 
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: یافته های پژوهش نشان داد شرکت کنندگان به تشکیل خانواده و معیارهای ازدواج توجه دارند و نگرش مثبتی نسبت به ازدواج دارند. اما وجود برخی موانع باعث تاخیر در ازدواج این جوانان گردیده است. لذا می بایست تحقیقات دیگری در خصوص تسهیل&#8204;کننده&#8204;ها و موانع امر ازدواج در جامعه یاد شده صورت بگیرد تا با تلاش هماهنگ مسئولین و خانواده ها گام های موثری جهت ارزش های والای خانواده و تسهیل امر ازدواج برداشته شود.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Background and Aim: The attitudes and expectations surrounding marriage and procreation play a crucial role in determining the success or failure of marital relationships. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and expectations regarding marriage among unmarried naval personnel in one of Iran&#8217;s military districts, as well as the relationship between demographic variables and these factors.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study employed a convenience sampling method involving 100 unmarried naval personnel from one of Iran&#8217;s military districts. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and expectations related to marriage. The questionnaire consisted of 31 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale and demonstrated confirmed validity and reliability (Cronbach&#39;s alpha = 0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and eta correlation tests.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.5 &#177; 2.07 years, with a gender distribution of 74% male and 26% female. According to the participants, the average suitable age for marriage was 26.12 &#177; 3.15 years, while the mean suitable age for procreation was 28.86 &#177; 3.82 years. The mean knowledge score of participants was 37.65 &#177; 4.7, and the mean attitude score was 18.25 &#177; 2.9, indicating a moderate level of attitude toward marriage. Additionally, the mean score for negative marriage expectations was 31.58 &#177; 3.8, which also fell within the moderate range. Notably, men&#39;s knowledge scores were significantly higher than those of women (P &#60; 0.01), and men also had significantly higher expectation scores compared to women (P = 0.04).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that participants exhibit a strong interest in family formation and marriage requirements, along with a positive attitude toward marriage. However, various obstacles have led to delays in marriage among these young individuals. Therefore, further research is warranted to identify the facilitators and barriers to marriage within this group, enabling collaborative efforts between authorities and families to promote the values of family and facilitate the institution of marriage.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>91</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>97</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/17
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/2/27
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/21
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/5/31
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>طوبی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>کریمی</Family>
				<NameE>Tooba</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Karimi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>کارشناسی ارشد آموزش بهداشت ،دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی  بقیه الله، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>karimy124@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فاطمه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رحمتی</Family>
				<NameE>Fatemeh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Rahmati</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت نظامی، پژوهشکده سبک زندگی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج،) تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>fatemeh_rahmaty@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>یعقوبی</Family>
				<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Yaghoub3</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله (عج)، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>maryamyaghoubi2023@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محمد رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جعفری</Family>
				<NameE>Mohammad Reza</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jafari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>معاونت دانشجویی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>mohammadrezajafari049@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Attitude</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Knowledge</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Marriage</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Military personnel</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آگاهی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نگرش</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ازدواج</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نیروی نظامی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Amini M, Heydari H. Effectiveness of Relationships Enrichment Education on Improvement of Life Quality and Marital Satisfaction in Married Female Students. J Educ Community Health. 2016;3(2):23-31. doi:10.21859/jech-03024##2. Kalate Sadati A, Jiriaei R. A Study of Social Factors Affecting the Attitude towards Marriage: Study among Female Dormitory Students in Yazd University. Quarterly Journal of Social Work. 2022;10(4):48-56.	##3. Parker R, Vassallo S. Young Adults Attitudes Towards Marriage. 2009.	##4. Willoughby BJ, Carroll JS, Vitas JM, Hill LM. &#34;When are you getting married?&#34; The intergenerational transmission of attitudes regarding marital timing and marital importance. Journal of Family Issues. 2012;33 (2):223-45. doi:10.1177/0192513X11408695	##5. Khani S. Increasing Divorce or Stagnation of Marriage? A Reflection on the Trends in Marriage and Divorce in Iran during the Last 15 Years. Journal of Social Continuity and Change (JSCC). 2023;2(1):25-43.	##6. Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Askari-Nodoushan A. Family life and developmental idealism in Yazd, Iran. Demographic research. 2012;26:207.##doi:10.4054/DemRes.2012.26.10	##7. Sepehrara M, ahmadi v, Karimi J. A survey of the Attitudes of Young People Aged 20 to 35 Years Old to Marriage in Kermanshah City. Iranian Population Studies. 2020;6(2):63-83.	##8. Memani PS. A comparative study of the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single-parent families: University of the Western Cape; 2003.	##9. Riggio HR, Weiser DA. Attitudes toward marriage: Embeddedness and outcomes in personal relationships. Personal relationships. 2008;15(1):123-40. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00188.x	##10. Fuwa M. Work-family conflict and attitudes toward marriage. J Family Issues. 2014; 35 (6):731-54. doi:10.1177/0192513X12474631	##11. Askari Nodoushan A, Abbasi Shavazi MJ, Sadeghi R. Mothers, Daughters, and Marriage (Intergenerational Differences in Marriage Attitudes in the City of Yazd, Iran). Women's Strategic Studies. 2009;11(44):7-36.	##12. Mahdavi P. Iran's sexual revolution. Introducing the New Sexuality Studies: Routledge; 2011. p. 424-30.	##13. Rasouli E. Attitudes of young people about white marriage. Afaq Human Sciences 2021; 50(5):51-70. doi:10.12968/cypn.2021.5.50	##14. Heydary J, Jafari H, Afsali Ma, Mohammadpour R, Mahmodi G. Assessing unmarried students' marital criteria in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2006. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2009;3(11):55-62.	##15. Hamilton G, Siow A. Class, gender and marriage. Review of Economic Dynamics. 2007; 10 (4): 549-75. doi:10.1016/j.red.2006.12.003##16. Singh M, Shekhar C, Shri N. Patterns in age at first marriage and its determinants in India: A historical perspective of last 30 years (1992-2021). SSM-Population Health. 2023;22: 101363. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101363	##17. Salemeh F, Yaghobi T, Yaghobian M, Zakizadeh M, editors. Comparison of views of male and female students about of marriage and family. the second national congress of family pathology Family Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University; 2006.##18. Nilforoshan P, Navidian A, Abedi A. Studying the psychometric properties of marital attitude scale. Journal of Nursing Education. 2013;1(1):35-47.##19. Eriska Y, Fujiana F, Fauzan S. Correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude regarding early marriage among female high school students. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2023;16(4):535-40. doi:10.33860/jik.v16i4.1551	##20. Moradi Golmorad, Mohsen S. Social and economic factors related to increasing the marriage age of young people (case study of Kermanshah city). 2012.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>همبستگی بین امیدواری و تاب آوری در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Correlation Between Hope and Resilience Among Students of Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: زندگی در جهان امروز پر از استرس و چالشهایی است که افراد ناگزیرند برای مقابله با شرایط استرس و بحرانها از مهارتهایی استفاده کنند. یکی از این مهارتها تاب آوری است. هدف این مطالعه&#160; تعین همبستگی بین امیدواری و تاب آوری در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر است.
روش&#8204;ها: روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه پژوهش، تمامی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر در سال 1400 است. حجم نمونه 200 نفر محاسبه شد که به صورت نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری دادهها از سه پرسشنامه (دموگرافیک، امیدواری میلر و تاب آوری کونور) استفاده شد. داده ها پس از جمع آوری وارد نرم افزار SPSS-24 و با استفاده از آماره های توصیفی و آزمونهای آنالیز واریانس و تی تست مستقل و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافته&#8204;ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار متغیرهای امیدواری و تاب آوری به ترتیب 75/5&#177;45/148 و 07/7&#177;09/67 بود. نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمره متغیر تاب آوری و وضعیت تاهل ارتباط آماری معنی داری وجود داشت (05/0P&#60;). ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین متغیر امیدواری و تاب آوری در دانشجویان از نظر آماری معنا دار بود (03/0=P).
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش می توان گفت تاب آوری و امیدواری می تواند نقش مهمی در سلامت روانی دانشجویان ایفا کند. بنابراین با توانمند سازی دانشجویان در جهت تقویت امیدواری و تاب آوری می توان رضایت از زندگی را در آنها افزایش داد. همچنین می توان گفت امید به عنوان نقطه قوت روان شناختی که به بالا رفتن تاب آوری آنها کمک می کند. بنابراین برنامه های آموزشی و کارگاهها و تشکیل گروههای مشاوره و حمایتی می تواند جزء برنامه های مداخله ای در جهت تقویت روحیه امید در دانشجویان مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Background and Aim: Life in today&#39;s world is filled with stress and challenges, requiring individuals to develop skills to cope with crises. One such skill is resilience. This study aims to determine the correlation between hope and resilience among students at Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology.
Methods: This research utilized a descriptive-correlational design. The study population consisted of all students enrolled at Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology in 2021. A sample size of 200 participants was determined through simple random sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire, Miller&#8217;s Hope Scale, and Connor&#8217;s Resilience Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, independent t-tests, and Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean and standard deviation for hope and resilience were 148.45&#177;5.75 and 67.09&#177;7.07, respectively. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between the average resilience scores and marital status (P&#60;0.05). Additionally, Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient revealed a significant correlation between hope and resilience among students (P=0.03).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that both resilience and hope play crucial roles in the mental health of students. By fostering hope and resilience, it may be possible to enhance students&#39; life satisfaction. Furthermore, hope serves as a psychological strength that contributes to increased resilience. Therefore, implementing educational programs, workshops, and establishing counseling and support groups can be effective intervention strategies to nurture hope among students.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>98</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>104</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/25
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/9/4
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/17
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/5/27
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>آمنه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>مرزبان</Family>
				<NameE>Ameneh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Marzban</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>amenemarzban@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>نگار</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>فانی</Family>
				<NameE>Negar</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Fani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>fani2121@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>محسن</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>دولتی</Family>
				<NameE>Mohsen</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Dowlati</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>dolat2121@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>فرجی</Family>
				<NameE>Reza</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Faraji</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه سلامت در بلایا و فوریتها، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آجا، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>faraji1020@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Hope</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Resilience</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Students</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Correlation</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>امیدواری</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>تاب آوری</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>دانشجویان</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>همبستگی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Behzadpoor S, Motahhari Z, Vakili M, Sohrabi F. The impact of increased resilience training on psychological well-being infertile women. Scientific Journal of Ilam. 2013;5(23):131-42.##2. Jalali H, Saadati M, Abbasi K, Sartavi M. Study of mental health status of soldiers in a military training center at north of Country from 1390 to 1394 using by General Health Questionnaire. 2016. ##3. Mohammadzadeh M. The Relationship of Resilience and Emotional Regulation with Life Expectancy among Soldiers. Military Caring Sciences Journal. 2019;6(3):198-206 doi:10.29252/mcs.6.3.5 ##4. Quan C, Bustos Sanabria G, Culumber J, Hammond R, Sanchez-Gonzalez M. Impact of provider burnout on the quality of healthcare services: A brief review. J Prev Complement Med 2024; 3(2): 103-109. doi: 10.22034/jpcm.2024.468645.1175##5. Reyes ME, Dillague SGO, Fuentes MIA, Malicsi CAR, Manalo DCF, Melgarejo JMT, et al. Self-esteem and optimism as predictors of resilience among selected Filipino active duty military personnel in military camps. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2020;4(1):15-25. ##6. Taghva A, Seyedi Asl ST, Rahnejat AM, Elikaee MM. Resilience, emotions, and character strengths as predictors of job stress in military personnel. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2020;14(2):e86477. doi:10.5812/ijpbs.86477 ##7. Isanejad O, Haydarian M. The effectiveness of resilience training on improving the quality of marital life and resiliency of prisoners of war families. Journal of military medicine. 2020;22(5):410-20. ##8. Sadoughi M, Tamannaeifar M, Naser J. The Relationship between Resilience, Hope, Emotional Intelligence and Academic Burnout among Iranian University Students. Studies in Learning &#38; Instruction. 2017;9(1):50-67. ##9. Lu J, Potts CA, Allen RS. Homeless people's trait mindfulness and their resilience-a mediation test on the role of inner peace and hope. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness. 2021;30(2):155-63.##doi:10.1080/10530789.2020.1774847##10. Koenig HG, Youssef NA, Smothers Z, Oliver JP, Boucher NA, Ames D, et al. Hope, religiosity, and mental health in US veterans and active duty military with PTSD symptoms. Military medicine. 2020;185(1-2):97-104.##doi:10.1093/milmed/usz146 ##11. Jahedi R, Derakhshani R. The Relationship between Empathy and Altruism with Resilience among Soldiers. Military psychology. 2020;10(40):57-65. ##12. Asghari Ebrahimabad MJ. The Role of Hope in Predicting Psychological Well-Being of Soldiers with Self-Control Mediation. Military Caring Sciences Journal. 2019;3(5):201-10.##doi:10.29252/mcs.5.3.201 ##13. Beheshti E, Zarqam Hajabi M. The Relationship between Resiliency and Practice of Religious Beliefs with Anxiety and Depression among Soldiers. Journal of Military Medicine. 2018;20(3):333-41. ##14. Mohebi Nooredinvand MH, Shehni Yeilagh M, Sharifi HP. The relationship of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resiliency and self-efficacy) with the achievement goals and academic performance of the first-year students. Research in Curriculum Planning. 2014;11(40):61-79. ##15. Moradi S, Ghodrati MM. Comparing the role of hope and resilience in predicting life satisfaction in older adults. Gerontology of Journal. 2020;5(1):71-81.##16. Bahmani B, Javadi MH, Khalilzadeh N, Mehraban S. The effectiveness of training resiliency skills on soldier's mental heath. J Psychol Psychiatry. 2018;5(4):78-86. doi:10.29252/shenakht.5.4.78 ##17. Pournikdast S, Shahamati M, Maghsoud F, Panahizadeh M. Hopefulness, resiliency and forgiveness as predictors of internal religious orientation among soldiers. Journal of military Psychology. 2017;7(28):5-14. ##18. Parvandi A, Arefi M. Prediction of Psychological Well-Being based on Hope and Perceived Social Support among Women-headed Households. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2019;7(2):89-114. ##19. Bsharat R. The Effects of a patient education program on quality of life and post-discharge issues following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. J Prev Complement Med 2024; 3(2): 60-71. doi: 10.22034/jpcm.2024.441902.1168 ##20. Nabi AU, Ahmad T, Khan MI. Hope and psychological well being among diabetes patients: A correlational study. The International Journal of Indian Psychology 2016;3(4):97 doi:10.25215/0304.104## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>آشکارسازی و آزمون پیش‌فرض‌های راهبردی مدیریت حوادث دریایی مبتنی بر مداخله سیستمی نرم</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Surfacing and Testing the Strategic Assumptions of Marine Disaster Management Based on a Soft Systems Intervention</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>حوادث دریایی، به عنوان یکی از چالش&#8204;های مهم در امنیت و اقتصاد جوامع انسانی، نیازمند روش&#8204;ها و راهبرد&#8204;های مناسب برای پیشگیری، آمادگی، پاسخ و بازیابی است. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش&#173;شناسی سیستمی آشکارسازی و آزمون پیش&#173;فرض&#173;های راهبردی به شناسایی مفروضات علّی و راهبردی مدیریت حوادث دریایی در کشور پرداخته است. برای این منظور ابتدا پس از مرور ادبیات و پیشینه پژوهش، منطبق با آشکارسازی پیش&#173;فرض&#173;های علّی، 29 چالش عمده مدیریت حوادث دریایی مورد توافق مشارکت&#173;کنندگان درگیر مسئله قرار گرفت که از مهمترین چالش&#173;ها می&#173;توان به کمبود اطلاعات و داده&#8204;های مورد نیاز پیش&#173;بینی ریسک&#173;ها، تنوع و درهم&#173;تنیدگی علل بروز حوادث و تهدیدات دریایی، مشارکت ناکافی درگیران در برنامه&#173;ریزی مدیریت حوادث دریایی و درنتیجه عدم شفافیت نقش&#173;ها، ضعف در هماهنگی و همکاری موثر بین ذینفعان درگیر مدیریت حوادث دریایی از جمله نیروهای نظامی، نیروهای نجات دریایی، مراکز کنترل ترافیک دریایی، واحدهای آتش&#8204;نشانی دریایی و سایر نهادها و ... می&#173;توان اشاره کرد. در ادامه منطبق با پیش&#173;فرض&#173;های علّی مسئله، 24 پیش&#173;فرض راهبردی پس از مباحثه مشارکت&#173;کنندگان مورد توافق قرار گرفت و به منظور شناسایی منطقه برنامه&#173;ریزی مطمئن، پیش&#173;فرض&#173;های راهبردی بر مبنای اهمیت و درستی پیش&#173;فرض رتبه&#173;بندی گردید. بر این اساس 9 پیش&#173;فرض راهبردی شامل طراحی سیستم حکمرانی داده&#173;های امنیتی حوادث دریایی کشور؛ پیش&#173;بینی داده&#173; و اطلاعات مورد نیاز و ایجاد بانک&#173;های اطلاعاتی مدیریت بحران حوادث دریایی؛ استوارسازی نظام پاسخ به حوادث دریایی و برنامه&#173;ریزی مدیریت حادثه مبتنی بر سناریو؛ بازطراحی مقررات و قوانین مدیریت حوادث دریایی با مشارکت کنشگران کلیدی؛ بازطراحی ساختار مدیریت حوادث دریایی و شفافیت در نقش&#173;ها؛ طراحی استاندارهای عملیاتی مدیریت حوادث دریایی؛ آموزش و آگاه&#173;سازی کنشگران از نقش&#173;ها و مسئولیت در هنگام بروز حادثه دریایی؛ برقراری ارتباط میان دانشگاه&#8204;ها، مراکز تحقیقاتی با صنعت تولیدکننده این تجهیزات و تدوین استانداردهای عملیاتی مدیریت حادثه دریایی به منظور برنامه&#173;ریزی توسعه مدیریت حوادث دریایی پیشنهاد گردید.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Marine accidents present significant challenges to the security and economy of societies, necessitating effective methods and strategies for mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This research identifies the causal and strategic assumptions underlying maritime disaster management in the country through a systematic methodology for surfacing and testing these assumptions. To achieve this, we conducted a thorough review of the literature and background information related to the subject. From this review, we extracted challenges and proposed strategies associated with marine disaster management, framed within the disaster management cycle. Participants then engaged in discussions that led to the identification of 29 major challenges. Among these, key issues highlighted included the lack of necessary information and data for risk prediction, the complexity and interrelatedness of causes behind maritime accidents, insufficient stakeholder participation in planning processes, and a lack of transparency in roles. These factors contribute to weaknesses in coordination and effective cooperation among maritime traffic control centers, firefighting units, and other relevant institutions. Following this, participants discussed and identified 24 strategic assumptions. To pinpoint areas for reliable planning, these assumptions were ranked based on their importance and validity. The top nine strategic assumptions identified include: Designing a security data governance system for maritime accidents. Forecasting the required data and information while creating databases for crisis management related to marine incidents. Consolidating the response system for marine incidents and developing scenario-based incident management plans. Redesigning regulations and rules for marine accident management with input from key stakeholders. Restructuring the marine accident crisis management framework to enhance role transparency. Establishing operational standards for maritime accident management. Educating and informing stakeholders about their roles and responsibilities in the event of a marine accident. Fostering communication between universities, research centers, and industries involved in producing relevant equipment. Developing operational standards for improved marine disaster management. These strategic assumptions serve as a foundation for planning enhancements in marine disaster management.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>105</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>114</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/252024/01/17
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1402/10/27
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/172024/08/31
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/6/10
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>علی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>نصیری</Family>
				<NameE>Ali</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Nasiri</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه سلامت در حوادث و بلایا و پدافند غیرعامل دانشکده بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله، تهران، ایران و رئیس سازمان پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران شهر تهران، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>alinasiri2@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سیده سمانه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>میراسماعیلی</Family>
				<NameE>Seyedeh Samaneh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Miresmaeeli</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگها علوم پزشکی ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>s.miresmaeeli@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مرضیه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>صمدی فروشانی</Family>
				<NameE>Mrzieyeh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Samadi Froshani</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>سازمان  پیشگیری و مدیریت بحران شهر تهران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>M.samadi@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Marine Disaster</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Disaster Management</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Soft Systems</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Strategic Assumptions Surfacing and Testing</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>حوادث دریایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>چرخه مدیریت حوادث و بلایا</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>مداخله سیستمی. آشکارسازی و آزمودن پیش‌فرض‌های راهبردی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Mæland CE, Staupe‐Delgado R. Can the global problem of marine litter be considered a crisis? Risk, Hazards &#38; Crisis in Public Policy. 2020;11(1):87-104. doi:10.1002/rhc3.12180##2. Madigan ML. Handbook of emergency management concepts: a step-by-step approach: CRC Press; 2017. doi:10.1201/b22489 ##3- Cao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Fan S, Wang H, Yang Z, et al. Analysis of factors affecting the severity of marine accidents using a data-driven Bayesian network. Ocean Engineering. 2023 ;269:113563.##doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113563 ##4. Hasanspahić N, Vujičić S, Frančić V, Čampara L. The role of the human factor in marine accidents. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021 Mar 1;9(3):261.##doi:10.3390/jmse9030261 ##5. Wang H, Liu Z, Wang X, Graham T, Wang J. An analysis of factors affecting the severity of marine accidents. Reliability Engineering &#38; System Safety. 2021;210:107513.##doi:10.1016/j.ress.2021.107513 ##6. Kruke BI, Auestad AC. Emergency preparedness and rescue in Arctic waters. Safety science. 2021;136:105163.##doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105163 ##7. Lin WC. Maritime environment assessment and management using through balanced scorecard by using DEMATEL and ANP technique. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2873. doi:10.3390/ijerph19052873 ##8. Melnyk O, Volianska Y, Onishchenko O, Onyshchenko S, Bondar A, Golovan A, et al. Marine incidents management and information exchange technologies in the process of safe ship operation. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security. 2023;23(1):64.##9. Andreassen N, Borch OJ, Sydnes AK. Information sharing and emergency response coordination. Safety Science. 2020;130:104895.##doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104895 ##10. Jassim Mohammed M, Murad S. Intake and output evaluation in post-surgical patients during ICU stay. Novel Clin Med, 2023; 2(4): 170-179. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2023.409911.1108 ##11. Adland R, Jia H, Lode T, Skontorp J. The value of meteorological data in marine risk assessment. Reliability Engineering &#38; System Safety. 2021;209:107480. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2021.107480 ##12. Marzi S, Mysiak J, Essenfelder AH, Pal JS, Vernaccini L, Mistry MN, et al. Assessing future vulnerability and risk of humanitarian crises using climate change and population projections within the INFORM framework. Global Environmental Change. 2021;71:102393.##doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102393 ##13. O'Brien G, O'keefe P, Rose J, Wisner B. Climate change and disaster management. Disasters. 2006;30(1):64-80.##doi:10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00307.x ##14. Faaui TN. Empowering indigenous voices in disaster response: applying the mauri model to New Zealand's worst environmental maritime disaster. European Journal of Operational Research. 2018;268(3):984-95. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.030 ##15. Fontes JV, de Almeida PR, Hernández ID, Maia HW, Mendoza E, Silva R, Santander EJ, Marques RT, Soares NL, Sanches RA. Marine Accidents in the Brazilian Amazon: Potential Risks to the Aquatic Environment. Sustainability. 2023;15(14):11030.##doi:10.3390/su151411030 ##16. Mohammadiun S, Hu G, Gharahbagh AA, Li J, Hewage K, Sadiq R. Intelligent computational techniques in marine oil spill management: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021;419:126425.##doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126425 ##17. Hebbar AA, Dharmasiri IG. Management of marine oil spills: A case study of the Wakashio oil spill in Mauritius using a lens-actor-focus conceptual framework. Ocean &#38; Coastal Management. 2022;221:106103.##doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106103 ##18. Sabela-Rikhotso PT, van Niekerk D, Nemakonde LD. A critical analysis of the legal frameworks governing oil spill management in South Africa. Marine Policy. 2021;127:104433. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104433 ##19. Zortuk O, Bedel C, Selvi F. Emergency service workers' earthquake anxiety and evaluation of factors affecting earthquake anxiety. J Prev Complement Med 2024; 3(2): 81-86. doi: 10.22034/jpcm.2024.473122.1178 ##20. O'Neill DC. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2022. ##21. Li X, Zhu Y, Abbassi R, Chen G. A probabilistic framework for risk management and emergency decision-making of marine oil spill accidents. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2022;162:932-43. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.04.048 ##22. Masys AJ. Applications of systems thinking and soft operations research in managing complexity. Boston. USA. 2015;321.##doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21106-0 ##23. Jackson MC. Critical systems thinking and the management of complexity. John Wiley &#38; Sons; 2019. ##24. Setyawati NW, PG DS, Dharmanto A. Analysis of Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Facing Era 5.0 Using SAST Method. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. 2022;1(4):545-58. doi:10.55927/eajmr.v1i4.341 ##25. Zamandi M, Jaafaripooyan E. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Health Interventions: A Critical Review. sjsph 2020; 18 (1) :29-50.## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>بررسی زیست پالایی فلز سنگین  روی و پاسخ‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه اسفناج به آن در محیط زیست دریا</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Investigation of Zinc Heavy Metal Bioremediation and Antioxidant Responses of Spinach in Marine Environments</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>گیاه &#173;پالایی روشی پایدار، طبیعی، کم&#173; هزینه، آسان، دوستدار زیست&#173; بوم و کاربردی در سطح وسیع برای پالایش فلزات سنگین در خاک است. آلودگی فلزات سنگین به دلیل پایداری بالای آنها در محیط یکی از نگرانی های اصلی اکوسیستم های آبی به شمار می رود. تاکنون مطالعات گسترده ای در مورد روش های پاکسازی محیط از فلزات سنگین صورت گرفته است که در این بین استفاده از جاذب&#8204;های زیستی نسبت به روش های فیزیکوشیمیایی نظیر تبادل یونی، اسمز معکوس و رسوب دهی شیمیایی، به دلیل اقتصادی بودن، بالا بودن سرعت نسبی فرآیند جذب، قابلیت بازیابی فلزات و عدم تولید لجن روش مناسب تری است. میکروارگانیسم ها به دلیل توانایی در تثبیت یون های فلزی، سازگاری با محیط های طبیعی و کم هزینه بودن برای فرآیند جذب زیستی بسیار مناسب بوده و دراین بین باکتری&#8204;ها به دلیل نسبت بالای سطح به حجم و برخورداری از سطوح فعال جذبی، اندازه کوچک و توانایی رشد بالا جاذب های زیستی مناسبی محسوب می گردند. در سال های اخیر به کارگیری توانایی میکروارگانیسم ها در حذف فلزات از پساب های آلوده به عنوان یک روش مناسب و بهینه مطرح شده است. مکانیسم و روش جذب فلزات توسط میکروارگانیسم های مختلف متفاوت می باشند.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Phytoremediation is a sustainable, natural, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method for removing heavy metals from soil. Heavy metal pollution, due to the high stability of these metals in the environment, poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. Extensive research has been conducted on various methods for cleaning the environment of heavy metals. Among these, biosorption has emerged as a more effective approach compared to physicochemical methods such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and chemical precipitation. Biosorption offers advantages including cost-effectiveness, high relative efficiency, metal recovery capabilities, and minimal sludge production. Microorganisms are particularly well-suited for the biosorption process due to their ability to stabilize metal ions, adapt to natural environments, and remain inexpensive. Bacteria, in particular, are effective biosorbents due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and active adsorption surfaces. In recent years, leveraging the ability of microorganisms to remove metals from contaminated effluents has been proposed as an optimal solution. The mechanisms and methods of metal adsorption can vary significantly among different microorganisms.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>115</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>125</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/252024/01/172022/05/14
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/2/24
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/172024/08/312024/09/30
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/7/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>اله یار</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>کمری</Family>
				<NameE>Allahyar</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Kamari</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، کرمانشاه، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>a.kamari63@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ایوب</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>رزمجو</Family>
				<NameE>Ayoub</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Razmjou</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی گروه شیمی</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>razmjoo54@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Zinc</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Antioxidant</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Spinach</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>عنصر روی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>آنتی‌اکسیدان</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>اسفناج.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. An, Z.Z., Huang, Z.H., Lei, M., Liao, X.Y., Zheng, Y.M., Chen, T.B., 2006, Zinc tolerance and accumulation in Pterisvittata L. and its potential for phytoremediation of Zn- and As-contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 62, 796-802. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.084##2. Behtash, F., Tabatabai, S.J., Malekouti, M.J., Sororuddin, M.H., Ustani, S., 2010. The effect of zinc and cadmium on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and cadmium concentration in beetroot , Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences), Volume 24, Number 1, pp. 41-31. ##3. Candan, N., Tarhan, L., 2003, Change in chlorophyli-carotenoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in Zn-stressed Menthapulegium, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 27, 21-30. ##4. Ghorbanli, M., Mighani, F., Asadollahi, B., 2007. Effect of chloride stress on chlorophyll concentration, carbohydrate accumulation and some growth indices in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture , No. 76, page 141-134. ##5. Khellaf, N., Zerdaoui, M., 2009, Phytoaccumulation of zinc by a aquatic plant, Lemnagibba L.,Bioresource Technology, 100, 6137-6140 doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.043 ##6. Li, T.Q., Yang, X.E., Yang, J.Y., HE, Z.L., 2006, Zn Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution in the Zn HyperaccumulatorSedum alfrediiHance, Pedosphere, 16, 5, 616-623. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60095-7 ##7. Larizizadi, H., Ghorbanli, M., Mirzaei, M., Hashemi, ER, 2011. Effect of different concentrations of lead on proline, soluble sugars, starch and antioxidant enzymes activity of catalase and Peroxidase in Wheat Triticumaestivum L. Cultivar Pishtaz, First National Conference on New Issues in Agriculture, Azad University, Saveh, p. 5-1.##8. Megateli, S., Semsari, S., Couderchet, M., 2009, Toxicity and removal of heavy metals (cadmium, copper and zinc) by Lemnagibba, Ecotoxicology and Environmental, 72, 1774-1780. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.05.004 ##9. Mishra, V.K., Tripathi, B.D., 2009, Accumulation of chromium and zinc from aqueous solutions using water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes), Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 1059-1063. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.020 ##10. Prasad, M.N.V., Freitas, H., 2003, Metal hyperaccumulation in plants-Biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology, Electronic J. Biotechnol, 6, 275-321. doi:10.2225/vol6-issue3-fulltext-6 ##11. Namdar F, Shahyad S, Mohammadi MT. Fullerene C60 nanoparticles potentiate the antioxidant defense system of brain and liver by increment of catalase activity in normal rats. Novel Clin Med 2023; 2(1): 32-38. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2023.360397.1056 ##12. Razvani M, Nourmohammadi Q, Zafarian F. 2005. Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminants, Groundwater and Air, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Eleventh Year, No. 1, p. 24-7.##13. Rout, G.R., Das, P., 2003, Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism; Zinc, Agronomy Journal, 23, 3-11. doi:10.1051/agro:2002073##14. Mozaffarian, V. ,2009.Iranian Plant Names Culture. Contemporary Culture Publications, Tehran ##15. Zarehadeh Abadi, S., Asrar, Z., Mehrabani, M., 2010. Biochemical changes of terpenoids content in essential oil of Mentha spicata (Menthaspicata L.) in response to Zn (Zn) treatment, Journal of Biology Iranian Herbal Science, Second Year, Issue 1, 3, p. ##16. Shariat, A., Extract, M.H., Ghamari Zare, A., 2010. The effect of cadmium on some physiological parameters in Eucalyptus accidentalis, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Natural Resources and Soil Sciences, Fourteenth Year, No. 14 53, pp. 153-145. ##17. Santa-Maria, G.E., Cogliatti, D.H., 1988, Bidirectional Zn-fluxes and compartmentation in wheat seedling roots, Journal Plant Physiology, 132, 312-315. doi:10.1016/S0176-1617(88)80112-3 ##18. Yahya B, Hashim A. The effect of freezing and heating white bread on the glycemic response of healthy individuals. Novel Clin Med, 2023; 2(4): 196-201. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2023.409805.1106 ##19. Jang, X, Wang, C, 2008, Zn distribution and Zinc-binding forms in phragmitesaustralisunder zinc pollution, journal of phant physiology, 165, (697-704) doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2007.05.011 ##20. Tavakoli, M., Chehrganiarad, A.K., Larizizadi, H., Pakdel, A., 2011. Study of the effect of different concentrations of lead and salicylic acid on some growth parameters of eggplant (SolanummelongenaL) , Journal of Plant Biology, Third Year, No. 7, p. ##21. Yanqun, Z., Yuan, L., Jianjun, C., Haiyan, C., Li, Q., Schvartz, C., 2005, Hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd in herbaceous grown on lead-zinc mining area in Yunnan, China, Environment International, 31, 755-762. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.02.004## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>نقش تعدیل‌گری سرسختی و انعطاف‌پذیری روانشناختی در رابطه با عدم تحمل ابهام و نشانگان افسردگی در دریانوردان</TitleF>
		<TitleE>The Moderating Role of Psychological Hardiness and Flexibility in Relation to Intolerance of Uncertainty and Depression Symptoms in Sailors</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش تعدیل&#173; گری سرسختی و انعطاف&#173; پذیری روانشناختی در رابطه با عدم تحمل ابهام و نشانگان افسردگی در دریانوردان بود.
روش&#8204;ها: روش پژوهش، توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را تمام دریانوردان یک شرکت دریانوردی در سال 1402 تشکیل می&#173;دادند که از بین آنها تعداد 580 نفر به شیوه نمونه &#173;گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده و به ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه افسردگی بک (1996)، پرسشنامه انعطاف &#173;پذیری شناختی دنیس و وندروال (2010)، پرسشنامه سرسختی روانشناختی مدی (2006) و پرسشنامه عدم تحمل ابهام کارلتون و همکاران (2007) پاسخ دادند. در نهایت داده&#173; های جمع&#173; آوری شده با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی و آزمون رگرسیون به شیوه سلسله&#173; مراتبی با استفاده از نرم&#173; افزار SPSS-26 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته&#8204;ها: نتایج نشان داد که عدم تحمل ابهام رابطه مثبت و معناداری با افسردگی دارد، بدین صورت که هرچه توانایی تحمل ابهام در دریانوردان کمتر باشد، نشانگان افسردگی در آنان بیشتر است. همچنین سرسختی روانشناختی با افسردگی رابطه منفی و معناداری دارد بدین صورت که با افزایش سرسختی روانشناختی، نشانگان افسردگی در دریانوردان کاهش می &#173;یابد. با این حال نقش تعدیل&#173; کنندگی سرسختی روانشناختی در رابطه با عدم تحمل ابهام و نشانگان افسردگی مورد تأیید قرار نگرفت. در خصوص انعطاف&#173; پذیری روانشناختی، نتایج نشان داد که بین انعطاف&#173; پذیری با افسردگی رابطه منفی و معنادار وجود دارد. همچنین نقش تعدیل &#173;کنندگی انعطاف&#173;پذیری روانشناختی در رابطه بین عدم تحمل ابهام و نشانگان افسردگی نیز مورد تأیید قرار گرفت (05/0 &#62;p).
نتیجه&#8204;گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش توجه به این متغیرها در جامعه دریانوردی حائز اهمیت می &#173;باشد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the moderating roles of psychological hardiness and flexibility concerning intolerance of uncertainty and depression symptoms among seafarers.
Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was employed. The statistical population consisted of all sailors of a shipping company in 2023. From this population, 580 individuals were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included Beck&#39;s Depression Inventory (1996), Dennis&#39;s Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, Maddy&#39;s Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (2006), and Carleton et al.&#39;s Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire (2007). The collected data were analyzed using correlation and hierarchical regression tests with SPSS-26 software.
Results: The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression; specifically, lower tolerance for ambiguity among seafarers was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conversely, psychological hardiness showed a negative and significant relationship with depression, indicating that higher levels of psychological hardiness corresponded to fewer depressive symptoms. However, the moderating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression symptoms was not confirmed. In terms of psychological flexibility, a negative and significant relationship with depression was observed. Additionally, the moderating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression symptoms was confirmed (p &#60; 0.05).
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of considering these variables within the seafaring community.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>126</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>134</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/252024/01/172022/05/142024/03/27
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1403/1/8
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/172024/08/312024/09/302024/05/26
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/3/6
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>فائزه</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>پیمان پاک</Family>
				<NameE>Faezeh</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Peimanpak</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>f.peimanpak@alzahra.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سارا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>کریمی</Family>
				<NameE>Sara</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Karimi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه الزهرا</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>s.karimi@alzahra.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>عباس</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عبداللهی</Family>
				<NameE>Abbass</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Abdollahi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>دانشگاه الزهرا</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>a.abdollahi@alzahra.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Intolerance of Uncertainty</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Depressive Symptoms</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Psychological Hardiness</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Psychological Flexibility</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Seafaring</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>عدم تحمل ابهام</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>نشانگان افسردگی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>سرسختی روانشناختی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>انعطاف‌پذیری روانشناختی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>دریانوردی.</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
				<REF>1. Predicting Sleep Quality through Mental Health in Iranian Sailors in Bushehr . jmarmed YR - 2022. p. 26-32 K1-Sleep Quality K1-Mental Health K1. Available from: http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-323-fa.html##2. Prevention of Common Health Problems in Seafarers with Self-Care Training . jmarmed YR - 2021. p. 205-209 K1-Prevention K1-Health problems K1. Available from: http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-125-fa.html ##3. Schmied EA, Martin RM, Harrison EM, Perez VG, Thomsen CJ. Studying the Health and Performance of Shipboard Sailors: An Evidence Map. Mil Med. 2021;186(5-6):e512-24. doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa459##4. Matsangas P, Shattuck NL. Habitability in Berthing Compartments and Well-Being of Sailors Working on U.S. Navy Surface Ships. Hum Factors. 2020;63(3):462-73. doi:10.1177/0018720820906050 ##5. Mirzaei M. Comparison of the effect of emotional intelligence training and yoga exercises on social anxiety of women with depression. Novel Clin Med 2023; 2(2): 82-91. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2023.394935.1082##6. Suh HN, Pigott T, Rice KG, Davis DE, Andrade AC. Meta-analysis of the relationship between self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms: Comparison between Asian American and Asian international college students. J Couns Psychol. 2023;70(2):203.##doi:10.1037/cou0000653 ##7. Effect of Spiritual-Religious Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, and Adjustment to Parental Divorce in Female High School Students. muq-hsme YR - 2020. p. 2-8 K1-Adjustment K1-Anxiety K1-Depressi. ##8. Barańczuk U. The five factor model of personality and emotion regulation: A meta-analysis. Pers Individ Dif. 2019;139:217-27. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.025 ##9. Chahar Mahali S, Beshai S, Feeney JR, Mishra S. Associations of negative cognitions, emotional regulation, and depression symptoms across four continents: International support for the cognitive model of depression. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20:1-12. doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2423-x ##10. Hasani DJ. The role of intolerance of uncertainty and positive metacognitive beliefs in obsessive compulsive disorder and depression. Razi J Med Sci. 2016;23(1):64-72. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1546038 ##11. Hancock J, Mattick K. Tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well-being in medical training: A systematic review. Med Educ. 2020;54(2):125-37. doi:10.1111/medu.14031 ##12. Zuo T. From Tolerance for Ambiguity to Stress and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Need for Cognitive Closure Among Chinese University Students. Psychol Rep. 2023; 00332941231212833. doi:10.1177/00332941231212833 ##13. Wells A, Fisher P, Myers S, Wheatley J, Patel T, Brewin CR. Metacognitive therapy in recurrent and persistent depression: A multiple-baseline study of a new treatment. Cognit Ther Res. 2009;33:291-300. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9178-2 ##14. Andrews JL, Li M, Minihan S, Songco A, Fox E, Ladouceur CD, et al. The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety and depression, and their symptom networks, during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):261. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04734-8 ##15. Ruchensky JR, Bauer EA, MacNamara A. Intolerance of uncertainty, depression and the error-related negativity. Int J Psychophysiol Off J Int Organ Psychophysiol. 2020;153:45-52. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.015 ##16. Ruparel N. Mental toughness: Promising new paradigms for the workplace. Topa G, editor. Cogent Psychol. 2020;7(1):1722354. doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1722354 ##17. Golboni F, Mahmoodi H, Baghi V, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Valiee S, Dalvand P, et al. Prevalence of depression among Iranian elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Novel Clin Med 2022; 1(2): 70-80. doi: 10.22034/ncm.2022.327342.1014##18. Kalinin R, Balazsi R, Pentek I, Hantiu I. Relationship Between Mental Toughness, Stress, Anxiety and Depression. Stud Univ Babeş-Bolyai Educ Artis Gymnast. 2021; 66:17-24. doi:10.24193/subbeag.66(1).02 ##19. Pope SM, Fagot J, Meguerditchian A, Washburn DA, Hopkins WD. Enhanced cognitive flexibility in the seminomadic Himba. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2019;50(1): 47-62. doi:10.1177/0022022118806581 ##20. Zmigrod L, Rentfrow PJ, Zmigrod S, Robbins TW. Cognitive flexibility and religious disbelief. Psychol Res. 2019;83(8): 1749-59. doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1034-3 ##21. Smith CA, Konik J. Who is satisfied with life? Personality, cognitive flexibility, and life satisfaction. Curr Psychol. 2022; 41 (12):9019-26. doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01359-6 ##22. Phadsri S, Shioji R, Tanimura A, Apichai S, Jaknissai J. Proactive Community Occupational Therapy Service for Social Participation Development of Thai Adults with Depression: A Grounded Theory Study from Occupational Therapists' Perspective. Occup Ther Int. 2021; 2021: 6695052. doi:10.1155/2021/6695052##23. Quan C, Bustos Sanabria G, Culumber J, Hammond R, Sanchez-Gonzalez M. Impact of provider burnout on the quality of healthcare services: A brief review. J Prev Complement Med 2024; 3(2): 103-109. doi: 10.22034/jpcm.2024.468645.1175##24. Huang C, Xie J, Owusua T, Chen Z, Wang J, Qin C, et al. Is psychological flexibility a mediator between perceived stress and general anxiety or depression among suspected patients of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)? Pers Individ Dif. 2021;183:111132. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111132 ##25. Landi G, Pakenham KI, Boccolini G, Grandi S, Tossani E. Health Anxiety and Mental Health Outcome During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Psychological Flexibility. Front Psychol. 2020;11:2195.##doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02195 ##26. Viola M, Musso P, Inguglia C, Lo Coco A. Psychological Well-Being and Career Indecision in Emerging Adulthood: The Moderating Role of Hardiness. Career Dev Q. 2016;64:387-96. doi:10.1002/cdq.12073 ##27. Saeedifard T, Rasouli M, Izanloo B, Zahrakar K, Mehrvar A. The mediating role of psychological flexibility in relation to religious coping with psychological distress of mothers with children with leukemia TT -. jpenir . 2021 Dec 1;8(2):32-44. Available from: http://jpen.ir/article-1-622-fa.html ##28. Rahmati P, Abdollahi A. Moderating role of hardiness in the relationship between Job Stress and Job satisfaction. Career Organ Couns. 2020;12(42):161-78. ##29. Delavar, Ali, &#38; Zahrakar K. Measurement and psychometrics in psychology, counseling and educational sciences. 2nd ed. Tehran: Arasbaran; 2013. ##30. Beck AT, Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess. 1996 Dec;67(3):588-97.##doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13 ##31. Tanjani PT, Garmaroudi G, Fekrizadeh Z, Hamidi R, Fathizadeh S, Ghisvandi E. Validity and reliability Beck Depression Inventory-II among the Iranian elderly Population. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci . 2015;22(1):189. Available from: https://www.magiran.com/paper/1381775 LK - https://www.magiran.com/paper/1381775 ##32. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9(1): 139-45. doi:10.1017/S0033291700021644 ##33. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335-43.##doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U ##34. Dennis J, Vander Wal J. The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity. Cogn Ther Res. 2010 Jun 1;34:241-53. doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4 ##35. The mediating role of cognitive flexibility in correlation of coping styles and resilience with depression . Pajoohandeh YR - 2013. p. 88-96 K1-Cognitive Flexibility K1-Depressio. Available from: http://pajoohande.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-1518-fa.html ##36. Maddi S. Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. J Posit Psychol. 2006;1: 160-8. doi:10.1080/17439760600619609 ##37. Carleton RN, Norton MAPJ, Asmundson GJG. Fearing the unknown: a short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(1):105-17. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014 ##38. Molavi E, Ebrahimabad MJA. Investigating the Relationship between Metacognitive Beliefs and Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome with Social Anxiety of Female Students: The Mediating Role of Uncertainty Intolerance and Ambiguity Tolerance. Res Clin Psychol Couns . 2021;10(2):5-24. Available from: https://www.magiran.com/paper/2337989 LK - https://www.magiran.com/paper/2337989## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>تعامل میکروپلاستیک - میکروارگانیسم در اکوسیستم دریایی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Microplastic-Microorganism Interaction in Marine Ecosystems</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زباله های پلاستیکی از بزرگترین چالش های زیست محیطی جهان امروزی به شمار می رود به طوریکه میکروپلاستیک ها به عنوان آلاینده های نوظهور طی چند دهه اخیر مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته اند. آلودگی توسط میکروپلاستیک ها در اکوسیستم های آبی در مقیاس بی سابقه ای در حال انباشته شدن است و به عنوان سطح جدیدی برای تشکیل بیوفیلم و تبادل ژن ظاهر می شود. مطالعات اخیر اثرات منفی میکروپلاستیک ها را برمحیط زیست جانوری نشان داده است. تأثیر میکروپلاستیک ها بر جانداران دریایی از طریق بلعیدن مستقیم قطعات پلاستیکی است که منجر به آسیب های داخلی در جانداران می شود. همچنین این آلاینده ها بر پراکنش بعضی از گونه های جانداران دریایی که از سطح این مواد به عنوان مکان هایی برای تخم گذاری استفاده می کنند، دارای اثرات سوئی هستند. بنابراین، وجود میکروپلاستیک ها در آبزیان دریایی برای مصرف انسان و مصرف زیاد غذاهای دریایی (ماهی و صدف) در برخی کشورها باعث نگرانی در مورد اثرات بالقوه میکروپلاستیک ها بر سلامت انسان می شود. با این حال، بسیاری از محققان، مهم ترین اثر میکروپلاستیک ها در محیط های دریایی را جذب آلاینده های شیمیایی بر روی آن ها برشمرده اند. به طوریکه میکروپلاستیک ها علاوه بر انتقال این آلاینده ها، پایداری محیطی این مواد را نیز افزایش می دهند. 
میکروپلاستیک ها یک بستر مناسب و گسترده برای تجمع میکروبی در اکوسیستم های آبی ایجاد می کنند. تشکیل کمپلکس های میکروپلاستیک- میکروارگانیسم، مانند بیوفیلم ها، تخریب ماده آلی و انتقال افقی ژن را به بالاترین میزان می رساند. در این زمینه، میکروپلاستیک بر ساختار و عملکرد جوامع میکروبی تأثیر می گذارد که به نوبه خود تاثیرات فیزیکی و شیمیایی میکروپلاستیک را نشان می دهد و چالش هایی را برای میکروبیولوژی، اکولوژی و اکوتوکسیکولوژی ایجاد می کند. پراکندگی میکروپلاستیک با میکروارگانیسم&#8204;های مرتبط و عناصر ژنتیکی، از جمله ژن&#8204;های مقاومت آنتی&#8204;بیوتیکی، جزایر بیماری&#8204;زایی، و مسیرهای متابولیک متنوع است. تغییرات عملکردی در میکروبیوم&#8204;های آبزی می&#8204;تواند متابولیسم کربن و شبکه&#8204;های غذایی را تغییر دهد و پیامدهای ناشناخته&#8204;ای بر موجودات و میکروبیوم&#8204;های انسانی و در نتیجه سلامتی انسان داشته باشد. گسترش مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی از طریق میکروپلاستیک ها همچنین می تواند عواقب عمیقی برای تکامل باکتری های آبزی داشته باشد و خطر نادیده گرفته شده ای برای سلامت انسان ایجاد کند. مطالعات نشان می دهد که انتقال افقی ژن در این زیستگاه می تواند به طور مشخص بر اکولوژی جوامع میکروبی آبزی در مقیاس جهانی تأثیر بگذارد. بنابراین تحقیقات جامع تری در مورد میکروپلاستیک ها و نانوپلاستیک ها و اثراتشان می بایست در زنجیره غذایی انجام شود در این مقاله با هدف مروری بر مطالعات محققان مختلف این آلاینده معرفی و به برخی از اثرات آن در محیط های دریایی اشاره خواهد شد.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Plastic waste represents one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the world today, with microplastics emerging as a focal point for researchers over the past few decades. Pollution from microplastics is accumulating in aquatic ecosystems at an unprecedented scale, serving as new surfaces for biofilm formation and gene exchange. Recent studies have highlighted the negative impacts of microplastics on marine life.
The effects of microplastics on sea creatures primarily occur through the direct ingestion of plastic particles, leading to internal damage. Additionally, these pollutants adversely affect the distribution of certain marine species that utilize these materials as sites for laying eggs. Consequently, the presence of microplastics in seawater-especially given the high consumption of seafood (fish and shellfish) in some countries-raises concerns regarding their potential impact on human health. Many researchers emphasize that one of the most critical effects of microplastics in marine environments is their ability to absorb chemical pollutants. Beyond merely transporting these contaminants, microplastics also enhance the environmental stability of these substances.
Microplastics provide an extensive and suitable substrate for microbial accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The formation of microplastic-microorganism complexes, such as biofilms, facilitates the degradation of organic matter and horizontal gene transfer. In this context, microplastics influence the structure and function of microbial communities, revealing both physical and chemical effects that pose challenges for microbiology, ecology, and ecotoxicology. The dispersion of microplastics is diverse, encompassing associated microorganisms and genetic elements, including antibiotic resistance genes, pathogenicity islands, and metabolic pathways. Functional changes within aquatic microbiomes can alter carbon metabolism and food webs, leading to unknown consequences for both organisms and human microbiomes-and, consequently, human health.
The spread of antibiotic resistance through microplastics poses a significant risk for the evolution of aquatic bacteria and represents an often-overlooked threat to human health. Studies indicate that horizontal gene transfer in this habitat can significantly impact the ecology of aquatic microbial communities on a global scale. Therefore, comprehensive research on microplastics and nanoplastics and their effects within the food chain is essential. This article aims to review various studies on this pollutant and highlight some of its effects in marine environments.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>135</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>147</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/252024/01/172022/05/142024/03/272022/11/19
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/8/28
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/172024/08/312024/09/302024/05/262024/02/17
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1402/11/28
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مرتضی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>عزیزاللهی علی ابادی</Family>
				<NameE>Morteza</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Azizollahi Aliabadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشکده علوم و فن آوریهای نوین، واحد علوم پزشکی تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>morteza_azizollahi@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سید رضا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>حسینی دوست</Family>
				<NameE>Seyed Reza</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Hosseini Doust</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization></Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>hdoust@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>ناهید</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>معصومی</Family>
				<NameE>Nahid</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Masoumi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization></Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>nahid72.m@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مریم</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>میان ابادی</Family>
				<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Miyanabadi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization></Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>miyanabadi@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Microplastics</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Aquatic Ecosystems</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Biofilm</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Horizontal Gene Transfer</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>میکروپلاستیک ها</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>اکوسیستم های آبی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>بیوفیلم</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>انتقال افقی ژن</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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Marine plastic pollution in waters around Australia: characteristics, concentrations, and pathways. PloS one. 2013;8(11): e80466. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080466 ##75. Xu X, Hou Q, Xue Y, Jian Y, Wang L. Pollution characteristics and fate of microfibers in the wastewater from textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant. Water Science and Technology. 2018; 78(10):2046-54. doi:10.2166/wst.2018.476 ##76. Marsden P, Koelmans AA, Bourdon-Lacombe J, Gouin T, D'Anglada L, Cunliffe D, Jarvis P, Fawell J, De France J. Microplastics in drinking water. World Health Organization; 2019. ##77. Arias-Andres M, Klümper U, Rojas-Jimenez K, Grossart HP. Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental pollution. 2018 ; 237:253-61. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.058## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

	</ARTICLE>


	<ARTICLE> 
		<TitleF>ویژگی‌های زیست فعالی و کاربردهای دارویی کندرویتین سولفات استخراج شده از منابع دریایی</TitleF>
		<TitleE>Biological Properties and Pharmaceutical Applications of Chondroitin Sulfate from Marine Resources</TitleE>
		<TitleLang_ID>1</TitleLang_ID>
		<ABSTRACTS>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>1</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>زمینه و هدف: کندرویتین سولفات یکی از ترکیبات زیست فعال بوده که می&#173;تواند از منابع دریایی استخراج گردد. این ترکیب بواسطه ویژگی&#173; های زیست فعالی متعدد خود، می&#173;تواند در فرآورده&#173;های مختلف داروئی و مکمل&#173;ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. 
روش &#173;ها: مقاله مروری حاضر به بررسی مقالات منتشر شده در خصوص منابع، روش&#173;های استخراج، ساختار، ویژگی&#173;های زیست فعالی، کاربردهای داروئی و محصولات تجاری شده کندرویتین سولفات استخراج شده از آبزیان می&#173;پردازد.
یافته &#173;ها: نتایج نشان داد که عمده منابع دریایی کندرویتین سولفات، گونه&#173; های مختلف کوسه ماهیان بوده اما منابع دیگری همچون سفره ماهیان، خیار دریایی، ماهیان خاویاری و برخی ماهیان استخوانی نیز می&#173;توانند بعنوان منابع استخراج این ترکیب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. در این منابع کندرویتین سولفات عمدتاً از غضروف و به صورت جزئی از استخوان و پوست استخراج می&#173;گردد. تاکنون روش&#173;های مختلفی همچون استفاده از حلال&#173;های شیمیایی، آنزیمی، فراصوت، مایکروویو، میدان پالس الکتریکی و همچنین ترکیب این روش&#173;ها با یکدیگر برای استخراج کندرویتین سولفات مورد استفاده قرار گرفته&#173;اند. کندرویتین سولفات دارای ویژگی&#173;های ارتقاء دهنده سلامتی و زیست فعالی متعددی همچون ویژگی&#173; های ضداکسایشی، ضدانعقادی، ضد دیابتی، ضدویروسی، ضدالتهابی، ضدتوموری، ضدمالاریا، تنظیم سیستم ایمنی، ترمیم زخم، استخوان، غضروف و بافت عصبی، باززایی کبد، محرک ایمنی و اثرات محافظتی گوارشی می&#173;باشد. بر این اساس تاکنون محصولات مختلفی از این ترکیب تولید شده و جهت پیشگیری و درمان برخی بیماری&#173;ها بویژه آرتروز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. 
نتیجه &#173;گیری: با توجه به ویژگی&#173; های زیست فعالی و کاربردهای داروئی کندرویتین سولفات و همچنین وجود منابع دریایی متعدد در منابع آبی کشور، استخراج این ترکیب و تولید محصولات مختلف آن می&#173;تواند مدنظر بخش صنعت قرار گیرد.
&#160;</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
			<ABSTRACT>
			<Language_ID>2</Language_ID>
			<CONTENT>Background and Aim: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a bioactive compound that can be extracted from marine sources. This compound has found applications in various food and pharmaceutical products due to its numerous bioactive properties.
Methods: This article reviews published studies regarding the sources, extraction methods, structure, bioactivity characteristics, medicinal applications, and commercial products derived from CS extracted from aquatic resources.
Results: The findings indicate that the primary marine sources of CS include various species of sharks. However, other sources such as ray fish, sea cucumbers, sturgeons, and certain bony fish can also be utilized for extracting this compound. In these sources, CS is primarily extracted from cartilage and, to a lesser extent, from bone and skin. Various extraction methods have been employed, including conventional techniques using chemical solvents, enzymatic methods, ultrasound, microwave-assisted extraction, pulsed electric fields, and combinations of these approaches. CS exhibits a wide range of health-promoting and bioactive properties, including antioxidant, anticoagulant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-malarial effects, as well as benefits for wound healing, bone and cartilage repair, nerve tissue regeneration, liver health, immune stimulation, and digestive protection. Consequently, a variety of products have been developed from this compound and are being used to prevent and treat several diseases, particularly arthritis.
Conclusion: Given the bioactivity and medicinal potential of CS, along with the abundance of marine resources in the country&#39;s waters, the extraction of this compound and the production of its various derivatives should be considered by the industry.</CONTENT>
			</ABSTRACT>
		</ABSTRACTS>

		<PAGES>
			<PAGE>
			<FPAGE>148</FPAGE>
			<TPAGE>164</TPAGE>
			</PAGE>
		</PAGES>

		<RECEIVE_DATE>
			2023/01/222022/05/172022/11/252024/01/172022/05/142024/03/272022/11/192022/11/28
		</RECEIVE_DATE>

		<RECEIVE_DATE_FA>
			1401/9/7
		</RECEIVE_DATE_FA>

		<ACCEPT_DATE>
			2024/09/302024/08/212024/08/172024/08/312024/09/302024/05/262024/02/172024/09/30
		</ACCEPT_DATE>

		<ACCEPT_DATE_FA>
			1403/7/9
		</ACCEPT_DATE_FA>

		<AUTHORS>
			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>مهدی</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>آل بوفتیله</Family>
				<NameE>Mehdi</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Alboofetileh</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>مرکز ملی تحقیقات فرآوری آبزیان، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرانزلی، ایران</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>alboofetileh@areeo.ac.ir</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سمیرا</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جدی</Family>
				<NameE>Samira</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jeddi</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، مرکز ملی تحقیقات فرآوری آبزیان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>Jeddi.ch.88@gmail.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>

			<AUTHOR>
				<Name>سید حسن</Name>
				<MidName></MidName>
				<Family>جلیلی</Family>
				<NameE>Seyed Hassan</NameE>
				<MidNameE></MidNameE>
				<FamilyE>Jalili</FamilyE>
				<Organizations>
				<Organization>موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، مرکز ملی تحقیقات فرآوری آبزیان</Organization>
				</Organizations>
				<Countries>
				<Country></Country>
				</Countries>
				<EMAILS>
				<Email>Jalilish@yahoo.com</Email>
				</EMAILS>
			</AUTHOR>
		</AUTHORS>


		<KEYWORDS>
			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Marine sources</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Bioactive compounds</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Chondroitin sulfate</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Bioactivities</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>Extraction methods</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>منابع دریایی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ترکیبات زیست فعال</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>کندرویتین سولفات</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>ویژگی‌های زیست فعالی</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>

			<KEYWORD>
				<KeyText>روش‌های استخراج</KeyText>
			</KEYWORD>
		</KEYWORDS>

		<REFRENCES>
			<REFRENCE>
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Separation, purification, structures and anticoagulant activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from Holothuria scabra. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108: 710-718. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.058 ##88. Jiang S, Yin H, Qi X, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Stichopus chloronotus on RAW 264.7 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251: 117088.##doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117088 ##89. Sim JS, Im AR, Cho SM, et al. Evaluation of chondroitin sulfate in shark cartilage powder as a dietary supplement: Raw materials and finished products. Food Chem 2007; 101: 532-539.##doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.011 ##90. Barthe L, Woodley J, Lavit M, et al. In vitro intestinal degradation and absorption of chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan drug. Arzneimittelforschung 2004; 54: 286-92. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1296972 ##91. Hamad OA, Ekdahl KN, Nilsson PH, et al. Complement activation triggered by chondroitin sulfate released by thrombin receptor-activated platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6(8): 1413-1421. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03034.x## ##</REF>
			</REFRENCE>
		</REFRENCES>

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