per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 133 134 article GholamHossein 1 Abolfazl Shakibaee 2 Seyed Reza Hosseini hosseini7sr@gmail.com 3 Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Letter http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf Total Force Fitness Physical Fitness Navy per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 135 149 article Mehdi Taati 1 Mehran Habibi Rezaei 2 Amir Homayoun Keihan ah_keyhan@yahoo.com 3 Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are essential fatty acids that have been shown high potential for preventing many diseases and playing role in human health. Today, the epidemiological evidence for the effects of this group of fatty acids on oxidative stress-related disease including cardiovascular disease, many inflammatory diseases, various types of cancer, fatty liver, mental illness, etc., have been well studied and various studies have been conducted with different perspectives in this regard. These effects are mediated by various biological processes, including changes in the composition of cell membrane fat, gene expression, cellular metabolism, signal transmission, metabolite production, and so on. Omega-3s are essential for people in society, especially those in stressful situations (such as soldiers and military personnel) or depression (such as some veterans), and they are one of the few recommended supplements by the FDA. Therefore, the purpose of this review at first is to study the structure of omega-3 fatty acids and then review the performance of this group on various diseases (with more focus on their anti-inflammatory effects) and the health of the military staff. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid Anti-inflammatory per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 150 156 article Ali Choopani choopani.ali3266@gmail.com 1 Mojtaba Ghalishooyan Moj.gh08@gmail.com 2 Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Baqiyatallah university of Medical Sciences Background and Aim: Spirulina platensis is a microalgae that has many applications as food and medicine for humans and animals. This microalgae contain protein, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. Spirulina platensis is commercially produced worldwide and sold in a variety of stores as a food and medicine supplement, and is used by NASA to feed astronauts. Methods: In this study, all general components such as light source, culture chamber, agitation system, and air pump were used. In this research, a photobioreactor was designed that is used in the field of maritime and meets the need for dietary supplements in the workplace of sailors and naval personnel. Photobioreactors are one of the main sources of cultivation of spirulina algae, which have different types.    Results: Some Photobioreactors feed on algae with natural light and some with artificial light. Since both types of photobioreactors have advantages and disadvantages, in this study, a new type of photobioreactor has been constructed. This new type of photobioreactor operated intelligently with the advantage of both types of photobioreactors and depending on the conditions, the appropriate type can be switched. Conclusion: This type of photobioreactor is installed in such a way that it can be the most compatible in any environment, but the optimal mode of this device is related to its use at sea. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf Spirulina planitensis Dietary supplement Photobioreactor malnutrition Maritime. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 157 163 article Valiollah Padehban padehban68@yahoo.com 1 Salman Barasteh s.barasteh@gmail.com 2 Abolfazl Rahimi abolfaz.rahimi@yahoo.com 3 Masomeh Chobin chobin@yahoo.com 4 babol iniversity of medical science Health Management Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences garmsar azad islamic university Background and Aim: Spirituality is one of the most important aspects of human existence affecting various aspects of health. The aim of this study was to determine the status of spiritual health and its relationship with general health and health literacy in navy personnel. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study in 2016, 500 Iranian naval personnel were selected through stratified random sampling. The Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SWBS), the GHQ-28 General Health Questionnaire, and the Montazeri Health Literacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: The findings showed that 77.4% (387 people) of naval personnel had moderate spiritual health and 22.6% (113 people) had high spiritual health. 61.2% (306 people) of the participants had good general health and 38.8% (194 people) had poor general health. The results also showed that 63.2% (316 people) of the participants had border health literacy and 28.4% (142 people) had high health literacy. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and general health and health literacy (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between spiritual health and general health and literacy, by promoting them, these aspects of health and consequently the quality of life of naval personnel can be improved. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf Spiritual Health General Health Navy per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 164 170 article Saeed Souri 1 Tehran University of Medical Sciences Background and Aim: Heavy metals are harmful to human health. Aquatic plants can store large amounts of these heavy metals, and play an important role in the purification of these pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify the aquatic plant species that absorb and purify heavy metals in the aquatic ecosystems of Anzali wetland, north of Iran. Methods: Sampling of aquatic plants and sediments of Anzali wetland, north of Iran, was done randomly based on vegetation density in 10 stations in July 2019. Species were identified and registered. Then leaf, stem and root limbs were isolated and then digested samples were prepared. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze the heavy metals in these samples. Results: Among the plant families studied in Anzali Wetland, families of aquatic plants such as Poaceae or Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Lemnaceae, Labiatae had the highest number of species in the absorption of heavy metals. Species that used the three parts of root, stem and leaf simultaneously to absorb heavy metals was the highest frequency of 96%, species that used only roots had 22%, roots and leaves had 69%, and roots and buds had 3%. Among the metals absorbed by different plant species, zinc with 13.97%, lead with 13.44%, and cadmium with 12.9% had a high frequency and metals such as copper, nickel and iron were in the next category. Conclusion: In the present study, the genus Poaceae had the highest abundance of species and the roots had a greater share than the stem and leaves as the organ that absorbs heavy metals. Among heavy metals, zinc had the highest frequency of uptake by aquatic plants.   http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-457-en.pdf Aquatic plants Heavy metals Phytoremediation per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 171 180 article Hojat Borna hojat.borna@ut.ac.ir 1 Abdul Reza Ayoubi Najafabadi 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: Edible films in thin and uniform layers are the basic ways to control physiological, microbial and physicochemical changes. In the present study, the physical properties of cherry sap were investigated as new substances to produce a natural coating film on the body surface to prevent sweating. Methods: First, a homogeneous powder was prepared with pieces of cherry tree sap, and a clear solution was obtained from it. This material was used to produce the edible films. The effect of variables such as sap concentration, glycerol as a casting agent and hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent on the physical properties of the produced film was evaluated based on the response surface method. The physical properties of the film produced from the cherry tree sap such as thickness, moisture, water solubility and water vapor permeability were measured. Results: The thickness of the edible films prepared from cherry tree sap in the present study varied between 60-96 microns. The solubility decreased with increasing the concentration of cherry sap. Glycerol and dry matter content was directly related to the amount of water vapor permeability. The results showed that the amount of permeability to sweating and thickness increased with increasing dry matter and glycerol while hydrogen peroxide reduced them. Optimal conditions for cherry sap film with dry matter 3%, glycerol 11.85% and hydrogen peroxide 0.05% were predicted. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that cherry tree sap as a biopolymer has suitable physical properties that can be significantly improved by using various methods such as suitable additives such as hydrogen peroxide; therefore, it can be recommended as a suitable way to reduce sweating and thus reduce water loss when water is not available. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf Edible film Cherry sap Heatstroke Hydrogen peroxide per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 181 186 article Hassan Ghoshooni ghoshooni287@gmail.com 1 Hedayat Sahraei h.sahraei@bmsu.ac.ir 2 Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Neuroscience Research Center, Baqyiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: People working in sensitive positions in the Navy are highly exposed to stressful and critical conditions compared to other military forces. In this study, to evaluate the perceptual-cognitive functions of individuals, an efficient, non-invasive and relatively simple test called the PASAT test has been introduced. Methods: In this case-control study, saliva samples were taken from the navy to determine salivary cortisol levels. Then, the DASS21 test was used to determine the level of stress in individuals and the results were compared with cortisol results. Individuals who had similar results in both tests were considered as stressed individuals and others were considered as controls. In a 10-minute training-test period, individuals were trained to perform the PASAT test. The outcomes of general cognitive health, reaction time, continuous attention and mental fatigue were evaluated. Results: There was 10 naval personnel in each group. Salivary cortisol levels and reaction time were higher in the stress group than in the control group. General health and continuous attention in the control group were higher than the stress group, while mental fatigue in the control group was lower than the stress group. Conclusion: Stress was able to affect all factors measured by the PASAT test. For this reason, the PASAT system seems to be suitable for evaluating the efficiency of individuals in various specialized and general occupations of the military forces that are exposed to chronic stress. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf Stress Navy Perceptual-Cognitive Function PASAT System. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2020-10 2 3 187 192 article Ahmad Khaksari a.khaksari1016@gmail.com 1 Katayoun Bagheri 2 Firoozeh Eslami 3 Occupational Health Laboratory, Isfahan Province Health Center, Isfahan, Iran Background and Aim: One of the most important ways to protect the workforce is to identify, evaluate and prevent excessive contact with a variety of harmful physicals, chemical and biological agents. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of exposure of submarine personnel to harmful factors in the submarine during the operation. Methods: First, the submarine was inspected and the job titles of the employees were determined. At each job post, all harmful factors were measured by previously calibrated physical and chemical agents. According to the severity of the contaminant and the duration of exposure to the agent, the total dose received during a work shift was determined and compared with the standard amount. Results: The equivalent sound level (Leq) for submarine battery and engine room personnel, effective acceleration rate (RMS), vibration in the arm and whole body of engine room personnel, exposure to gases emitted in the engine room due to diesel engine, were measured. The volume was higher than the allowable limit and the vibration of the arm was higher in case of constant contact in the engine room, but the concentration of gases and vapors was lower than the allowable threshold. In the control room, all of these factors were below the allowable threshold, and personnel working in this area are less exposed due to the convenient distance to the engine room. Conclusion: Considering that the main problem inside the submarine is noise and vibration in the engine room, measurements should be considered reducing noise in this area as much as possible. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-103-en.pdf Submarine Physical factors Chemical factors Equivalent sound level