per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 65 67 article Mohammad Nobakht maeinemedicine@gmai.com 1 Marine Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Editorial http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-508-en.pdf Artificial Intelligence Military Medicine Naval Military Medicine Naval Missions per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 68 74 article Mohammad Mahdi Amiri mm.amiri68@gmail.com 1 Bahman Hassanvand hasanvand121@gmail.com 2 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran Background and Aim: Aerobic power is a key determinant of the ability to perform repeated sprints at maximal speed and to accelerate the recovery process. This study investigated the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with iron supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic power in male military athletes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 48 male athletes (aged 25–35 years) from the armed forces in Khorramabad voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to four matched groups: 1) training + iron supplementation, 2) training, 3) iron supplementation, and 4) control. The training protocol for the intervention groups consisted of eight weeks of HIIT (three 60-minute sessions per week at 90–95% of maximum heart rate). The supplementation protocol involved the consumption of 100 mg ferrous sulfate (two 50 mg tablets) before and after each training session for eight weeks. Aerobic power (Balke test) and anaerobic power (Sargent jump test) were measured 48 hours before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Findings showed that all three intervention groups (training+supplementation, training only, and supplementation only) experienced a significant increase in both aerobic and anaerobic power compared to the control group (P=0.003). Although no significant difference was observed between the “training+ supplementation” and “training only” groups (P=0.26), the improvement in aerobic power in the “supplementation only” group was significantly lower than in the other two intervention groups (P=0.02). Conclusion: Overall, while the combination of HIIT and iron supplementation improved both aerobic and anaerobic power, it did not show a significant advantage over training alone. Nevertheless, given the observed improvements across all intervention groups, high-intensity interval training is recommended for athletes aiming to enhance these physiological indices. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf High-intensity interval training Iron supplementation Aerobic power Anaerobic power Athletes per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 75 83 article Zahra Firoozi firoozizahra73@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Reza Taherizadeh taheri.1965@gmail.com 2 Sohila Ebrahimi soeilaebarhimi121@gmail.com 3 Zohreh Barkhordari Ahmady zohre.barkhordari2@gmail.com 4 University of Payam Noor Qeshm Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran University of Payam Noor Qeshm University of Hormozgan Background and Aim: Heavy metal pollution is considered one of the most serious threats to aquatic ecosystems due to its chemical stability, non-biodegradability, and potential for bioaccumulation. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of varying concentrations of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) on growth indices, chlorophyll a content, protein, and lipid in the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri. Methods: C. muelleri was cultured in F2 medium at 25 ppt salinity. Experimental treatments included five concentrations (0, 5, 50, 250, and 500 μg/L) of each metal (Cu and Pb). The effects of these treatments on cell density, chlorophyll a content, protein, and lipid were evaluated over a 15-day period. Results: The results indicated that concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/L of both metals significantly inhibited algal growth, whereas the highest growth was observed at 5 μg/L. The maximum chlorophyll a content was measured in copper treatments, while the lowest was observed in lead treatments. Furthermore, copper at low concentrations reduced, but at high concentrations increased, protein and lipid contents. In contrast, lead at low concentrations enhanced protein and lipid levels, while at higher concentrations it reduced them. Conclusion: The findings suggest that while C. muelleri can tolerate and grow at low concentrations of heavy metals, increasing concentrations exert inhibitory effects on growth. The variable responses of cellular metabolites (protein and lipid) to different metal concentrations may reflect distinct adaptive and defensive mechanisms employed by this microalga when exposed to oxidative stress. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-499-en.pdf Heavy metals Copper Lead Chaetoceros muelleri Chlorophyll a Ecotoxicology per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 84 91 article Saman Boostani samy1389@yahoo.com 1 Amir Mohammad Sorouri amirmohammadsorouri@gmail.com 2 Mohammad Reza Heydari momh7972@gmail.com 3 Mohammad Nobakht marinemedicine@gmail.com 4 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran Marine Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: The Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, with their remarkable biodiversity, host numerous marine species, some of which may pose serious risks to human health. As human interactions with these environments -through activities such as diving, swimming, and fishing- continue to increase, recognizing hazardous species and mastering first-aid principles for managing marine injuries and envenomations have become indispensable. This article was developed to identify dangerous species and to provide rescue protocols for dealing with their associated risks. Methods: In this review study, hazardous and toxic species of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea were identified and categorized based on library research and authoritative scientific databases. Subsequently, first-aid and rescue protocols were developed in accordance with international standards (such as guidelines from the Red Cross and Divers Alert Network [DAN]) for the prevention and initial medical management of stings, electrocution, and poisoning caused by these marine organisms. Results: The main species identified in these regions include toxic jellyfish (e.g., Cassiopea andromeda), venomous fish (such as scorpionfish and stonefish), various bristle-bearing polychaete worms, stingrays, and sharks. Attacks by these organisms are generally defensive, occurring in response to intrusion into their territory. The findings emphasize the importance of immediate actions such as rinsing the affected site with seawater (not freshwater), removing embedded foreign bodies, applying dry heat to inactivate toxins, and rapidly transferring the victim to medical facilities. Conclusion: Awareness of the local ecosystem, accurate identification of dangerous organisms, and adherence to safety protocols are the most effective strategies for preventing incidents. Nevertheless, widespread education on first-aid principles specific to marine envenomation and toxicity is vital for reducing complications and increasing survival chances. It is recommended that such training be provided to high-risk groups, including divers, fishermen, and rescue personnel. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-505-en.pdf First aid Marine toxins Persian Gulf Caspian Sea Dangerous animals Rescue per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 92 98 article Majid Farhadi m.farhadi@gmail.com 1 Bahman Hasanvand hasanvand121@gmail.com 2 Zahra Mosayebi zahramosayebi1988@gmail.com 3 Islamic Azad University Islamic Azad University Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz Branch, Aligudarz, Iran Background and Aim: Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired energy metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key marker of vascular health, whereas lactate reflects the status of anaerobic metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of swimming training on blood NO and lactate levels in obese adolescent boys. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese adolescent boys (aged 13–15 years; body mass index ≥ 30) from Aligudarz were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group participated in an eight-week swimming program, three sessions per week. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before the start of the intervention and 48 hours after the final training session to measure baseline NO and lactate levels. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: After eight weeks of training, serum nitric oxide levels significantly increased (P=0.001), and blood lactate levels significantly decreased (P=0.001) in the experimental group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that swimming training may enhance endothelial function through increased NO levels and improve aerobic metabolism by reducing lactate levels. Thus, swimming can be recommended as an effective exercise modality to improve health indicators in adolescents with obesity. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-504-en.pdf Swimming training Nitric oxide Lactate Obesity Adolescents per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 99 113 article Abolghasem Arabiyun arabiun@ut.ac.ir 1 Mohamadreza Mansurirad m.rad1355@gmail.com 2 Ali Shafiei alishafieirashki@gmail.com 3 Afshin Moghadasi afshinmoghadasi@ut.ac.ir 4 Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Faculty of Entrepreneurship Faculty of Entrepreneurship Faculty of Entrepreneurship Background and Aim: Design thinking, as an innovative and human-centered approach to solving complex problems, has attracted significant attention across various management domains. However, its systematic application in strategic planning for businesses embedded in the marine ecosystem has been less explored. This study aimed to clarify the role and framework of design thinking in shaping business strategies within this ecosystem. Methods: Using a meta-synthesis approach (based on the Sandelowski and Barroso model) and the PRISMA framework, this research conducted a systematic review of the existing literature. The study population included 89 peer-reviewed articles indexed in ScienceDirect, Francis, Springer, and Google Scholar, with no time restriction up to 2023. Results: Content coding and analysis of the selected articles identified a comprehensive framework, categorized into three main dimensions: Design thinking components (6 themes): observation, empathy, ideation, discovery, prototyping, and testing. Business strategy components (4 themes): environmental analysis, innovation, competitiveness, and vision setting. Sub-sectors of the marine ecosystem (8 themes): marine tourism, fisheries, offshore industries, ports and shipping, shipbuilding, maritime transport, water-based agriculture and desalination, and marine energy industries. Conclusion: The findings clearly demonstrate that design thinking, by fostering innovation, enhancing competitiveness, and maintaining a focus on human needs, can serve as a powerful strategic tool for ensuring the sustainability and growth of businesses in the complex and dynamic marine ecosystem. These insights provide valuable guidance for entrepreneurs, managers, and policymakers engaged in the blue economy. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-498-en.pdf Design thinking Business strategy Marine ecosystem Marine-based economy Systematic review per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 114 118 article Ameneh Marzban amenemarzban@yahoo.com 1 Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: Effective management of medical equipment and supplies during maritime crises is a critical determinant of healthcare response capacity and the protection of public health in vulnerable communities. This study aimed to identify key challenges, propose solutions, and review contemporary innovations in the supply chain management of medical items in maritime disasters. Methods: This narrative review was conducted in 2024 through searches in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. Searches were performed using relevant keywords without time restrictions. After preliminary screening, eligible articles were selected according to PRISMA principles and analyzed qualitatively. Results: The findings highlighted three major challenges: inadequate stockpiles of essential supplies, difficulties in distribution and storage under crisis conditions, and lack of inter-organizational coordination. Identified solutions were categorized at three levels: Technological: adoption of blockchain-based tracking systems and artificial intelligence platforms for demand forecasting and inventory management. Organizational: establishment of standardized protocols for warehousing and distribution, and development of continuous training programs for personnel. Inter-organizational: strengthening international cooperation and forming regional coalitions for rapid response. Conclusion: The management of medical supplies in maritime crises requires an integrated, systematic, and technology-driven approach. Comprehensive preparedness and response planning, investment in emerging technologies, and enhanced international collaboration can substantially improve the resilience of healthcare systems against maritime disasters. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-491-en.pdf Crisis management Health logistics Maritime disasters Medical equipment Emergency response per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 119 125 article Zahra Khoshnood zkhoshnood@gmail.com 1 Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran Microplastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges in aquatic ecosystems. With the growing consumption of plastic products in modern life, the influx of these pollutants into marine environments has increased, posing significant threats to ecosystem health. Due to their small size and unique physicochemical properties, microplastics readily enter the food chain and, through processes of bioaccumulation and biomagnification, affect not only aquatic organisms but also human health. This study, conducted as a systematic review, examines existing studies on microplastic pollution across diverse aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes, wastewater effluents, and marine products. The review addresses sampling, identification, and analytical methods for microplastics; patterns of distribution and abundance; pathways of human exposure; and associated ecological and health impacts. Additionally, it highlights current methodological challenges in microplastic research and outlines future research directions in this field. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-386-en.pdf Microplastics Aquatic environments Pollution Bioaccumulation Analytical methods per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-09 7 2 126 140 article Mohammad Velayatzadeh mv.5908@gmail.com 1 Department of Industrial Safety, Caspian Institute of Higher Education, Qazvin, Iran Scientific studies on plastic pollution in marine environments began in the 1960s with the first observations of marine debris. In the early 1970s, several reports documented substantial amounts of plastic pellets (nurdles) in the waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, researchers adopted new approaches to studying marine plastic debris, extending beyond documentation of their presence on the seafloor to investigating their impacts on marine organisms. Subsequently, research focused on the Pacific Ocean and its coastlines, examining the factors contributing to plastic ingestion by seabirds. By the early 1980s, growing concerns about the potential effects of marine debris led to a series of specialized meetings. Two early international conferences, organized by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu, played a pivotal role in shaping the research agenda for the following decade. By the late 1980s, most of the ecological impacts of marine debris had been well recognized, and scientific attention increasingly shifted toward seeking effective solutions to address the problem. Over the past decade, rising concern over microplastics and the discovery of alarming concentrations of plastic particles in the North Pacific Ocean have triggered a new wave of research. At present, investigations into the role of microplastics in transporting persistent organic pollutants into marine food webs remain at the forefront of scientific inquiry. This article provides a historical overview of the evolution of studies on marine debris and waste pollution. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-404-en.pdf Plastic waste Marine debris Microplastics Ocean pollution Ecotoxicology