per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 237 238 article Ameneh Marzban amenemarzban@yahoo.com 1 Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Letter to the Editor http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-488-en.pdf Artificial Intelligence Nursing Triage Sea per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 239 245 article Mitra Arman mitraarman2003@yahoo.com 1 Hossein Amini Zadeh h_maybodi@yahoo.com 2 Mostafa Alinaghizadeh alinaghizadeh@pnu.ac.ir 3 Mojtaba Naderi mojtabanaderi64@pnu.ac.ir 4 Hosein Jaferi jafarih55@yahoo.com 5 Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi stamadoni@gmail.com 6 Assistant Professor in Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran majoring in animal physiology, Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Qeshm International Center Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Qeshm International Center, Tehran, Iran Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Qeshm International Center, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of basic sciences, Imam Hossein University (IHU), Tehran, Iran Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran Background and Aim: Prostate cancer, after lung cancer, is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the second most common cancer in Iranian men after stomach cancer. To control this disease, methods with minimal side effects are of particular importance. One such method is the use of medicinal compounds found in natural resources such as medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of the root of the Tangress plant on prostate cancer cells. Methods: In this study, the cytotoxic effects of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of the Tangress root were investigated on prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) at concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, and 15.6 (µg/ml) over 48 hours. The IC50 values of the extracts were determined, and statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: The results showed that both extracts significantly reduced cell viability. The IC50 values for the methanolic and aqueous extracts were 184.8 and 148.8 µg/ml, respectively. The two-way ANOVA test showed that the different concentrations of both extracts significantly differed from the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, the t-test between the two extracts showed no significant difference between their IC50 values. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that both methanolic and aqueous extracts of the Tangress plant root have a considerable inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells. Given the lack of a significant difference between the effects of the two extracts, both could be potential candidates for further research in prostate cancer treatment.   http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-472-en.pdf Tangress plant Aqueous extract Methanolic extract Prostate cancer. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 246 254 article Maryam Moradi moradi21922@yahoo.com 1 Akbar Hajighasemalian Drghasemalian@gmail.com 2 Sajad Mehran s.mehran@gmail.com 3 PhD, Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahideh Roshandel Heart Hospital, Tehran, Iran AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nizaja's Martial Medicine Background and Aim: In recent decades, the emergence of weapons of mass destruction, including chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) agents, has positioned maritime terrorism as a critical threat to international security. The increasing ability of terrorist organizations to access advanced technologies and execute attacks in maritime environments presents a growing challenge for global security. Such incidents not only endanger lives but also disrupt critical infrastructure, including ports, shipping lanes, and global trade networks. Notable attacks, such as the 2002 Limburg oil tanker bombing in Yemen and Al-Qaeda’s reported plans to deploy chemical agents in military installations, underscore the severity of these threats. Analyzing global best practices, such as the implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, can offer practical strategies to mitigate vulnerabilities in maritime infrastructure. Methods: This study employs a targeted systematic review to identify, analyze, and synthesize research on maritime terrorism and the use of CBRNE weapons. By examining studies conducted between 1900 and 2024, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of past incidents and extracts key lessons learned. Results: A total of 17 maritime terrorism incidents were analyzed. Findings indicate that geopolitically sensitive regions, particularly the Strait of Hormuz and Southeast Asia, are highly vulnerable to such attacks. The study highlights the multifaceted nature of these threats, encompassing both non-state actors using chemical and radiological weapons and incidents arising from poorly managed hazardous materials. Conclusion: Strengthening international collaboration, enhancing monitoring systems for hazardous material transport, and enforcing maritime security protocols- such as those established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)- are essential for countering these threats. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-485-en.pdf Maritime terrorism Chemical threats Biological threats Nuclear-radiological threats Explosive threats. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 255 263 article Abdolvahed Rahmani rahmaniabdolvahed@yahoo.com 1 Naser Koosej naserkooseg@yahoo.com 2 Department of Chemistry, Farabi Building, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran Hormozgan University Background and Aim: The expansion of industrial and urban activities has led to environmental pollution by heavy metals, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. These contaminants can accumulate along the food chain, increasing their concentration over time. This study investigates the levels of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in the muscle tissue of Lethrinus nebulosus (Sha’ri fish) from three regions in Hormozgan Province (Dargahan, Bandar Khamir, and Bandar Abbas) due to their ecological and public health significance. Methods: A total of 180 Lethrinus nebulosus specimens were collected from the three study areas during the summer and winter seasons of 2023. The samples were transported to the laboratory, where biometric analyses were performed. Muscle tissues were excised, dried, ground into powder, and subjected to chemical digestion. The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Cu were then measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Analytik Jena, Germany, Model ContrAA 700). Results: The results indicated a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of the studied heavy metals in the muscle tissue of Lethrinus nebulosus across the three locations. Dargahan exhibited the highest metal concentrations compared to Bandar Khamir and Bandar Abbas. Additionally, seasonal variations were observed, with significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals in the summer compared to the winter (p<0.05). However, a comparison of metal concentrations with international standards established by the FAO, WHO, and EPA revealed that the detected levels of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, and Cu were below permissible limits. Conclusion: The health risk assessment of consuming Lethrinus nebulosus suggests that, at current consumption rates, the levels of lead, nickel, zinc, iron, and copper do not pose a risk to consumers. However, continuous monitoring is recommended to ensure long-term seafood safety in the region.   http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-481-en.pdf Risk assessment Lethrinus nebulosus Atomic absorption spectrophotometry Food chain Hormozgan per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 264 273 article Shima Shafaq shafaqshima@gmail.com 1 Reza Hosseiniara hosseiniara7@gmail.com 2 Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Cancer is one of the most lethal and challenging diseases globally. Due to its increasing prevalence, significant attention has been directed towards identifying preventive factors for this disease. Diet plays a crucial role in cancer prevention, and accumulating scientific evidence suggests that seafood consumption can be an effective preventive factor in reducing the risk of various cancers, including breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancer. Seafood, especially fish, is a rich source of bioactive compounds essential for human health. Omega-3 fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA), vitamin D, selenium, and antioxidants present in these foods are chemical compounds that can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer by decreasing inflammation and strengthening the immune system. However, study results indicate that the impact of seafood consumption on cancer prevention is definitively dependent on factors such as the type of food, its quality, cooking methods, and even the individual's genetic conditions. For instance, frying fish can reduce its protective effects, while healthier cooking methods such as steaming and grilling can preserve its beneficial properties. Despite abundant evidence supporting the beneficial effects of seafood in cancer prevention, there is a need for more research and long-term studies to better understand the biological mechanisms and long-term impacts of these foods. Additionally, analyzing the effects of seafood consumption in different population groups and under various geographical and cultural conditions can contribute to a better understanding of this relationship. Ultimately, this article concludes that consuming seafood, especially fish, can be considered an effective strategy for reducing the risk of cancer. However, it is recommended that this consumption be done in moderation and with the use of healthy cooking methods to maximize the benefits.   http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-484-en.pdf Seafood Cancer Fish Prevention. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 274 281 article Forough Jalil Nejad Masouleh Fjalilnejad@gmail.com 1 Mohsen Mohammadi Galangash m_mohammadi@guilan.ac.ir 2 University of Guilan Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran Background and Aim: Assessing the quality of wetland ecosystem substrates as habitats for benthic organisms is crucial in ecological studies. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Sorkhankol was investigated. The study area is located in the central part of Anzali Wetland, in the southwestern Caspian Sea. Methods: Sampling operations were conducted at nine stations in the spring of 2020. After initial preparation and acid digestion, the samples were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The average concentration of metals in sediment samples followed the order: Cadmium > Lead > Chromium > Zinc. The highest positive and significant correlation was observed between zinc and chromium, as well as between cadmium and lead. PCA analysis indicated that among the principal components, the first component was positively and significantly associated with lead and cadmium, while the second component was linked to zinc and chromium. In cluster analysis, cadmium, lead, and chromium were grouped together, whereas zinc formed a separate cluster. The results of PLI, EF, and RI index calculations for the four studied metals indicated a non-contaminated status of the sediments. Conclusion: Although the results of this study are satisfactory, due to the ecological sensitivity and value of this habitat, continued research on this ecosystem is essential. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-478-en.pdf Toxicity Heavy metals Sediments Wildlife refuge per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 282 292 article Seyyed Fardin Qeysari fardin.qeysari@ut.ac.ir 1 Hamid reza Maghami hmaghami@gmail.com 2 Ali Niazipour alin.n1364@gmail.com 3 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran پژوهشگاه نیروی انتظامی Background and Aim: Law enforcement officers must possess high combat readiness and capability to successfully carry out their assigned missions. This study aimed to examine the role of cognitive skills in the sports success of military personnel in the self-defense discipline. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. The statistical population included all MILITARY personnel athletes specializing in self-defense in Tehran and Alborz provinces in 2023, estimated at over 4,000 individuals. The required sample was selected using a cluster random sampling method. A total of 400 participants completed the short-form Sports Success Scale (SSS) questionnaire and a researcher-developed cognitive skills questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient, linear regression, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The model summary results indicated a correlation coefficient of 0.829, a coefficient of determination (R² = 0.655), and an adjusted R² of 0.649, suggesting a suitable regression model. The best predictors of sports success were visual processing (Beta = 0.558), processing speed (Beta = 0.173), auditory processing (Beta = 0.128), and executive functions (Beta = 0.125), with a significance level of P < 0.0005. Conclusion: Based on the study results, enhancing visual processing, processing speed, auditory processing, and executive functions, respectively, is crucial for improving sports success in self-defense training http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-483-en.pdf Cognition Sports Success Self-Defense Visual Processing Executive Functions Auditory Processing Processing Speed. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2025-02 6 4 293 300 article Fateme Afshar fatemeh2169@gmail.com 1 Morteza Mahdavi mahdavi.morteza51@gmail.com 2 Mehrdad Memarian hadis74@ymail.com 3 Mohammad Jalil Zorriehzahra zorrieh@yahoo.com 4 Seyed Davood Hosseini hosseinida@yahoo.com 5 Islamic Azad University, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Islamic Azad University, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural, Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Arak, Iran Background and Aim: The widespread and persistent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a serious global health threat and continues to place a heavy burden on humanity. Currently, several intramuscular vaccines have been successfully developed, and mass vaccination programs have progressed in many countries. There is growing evidence supporting the use of recombinant probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as vaccine carriers. Given the crucial role of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein in viral attachment, entry, and induction of neutralizing antibodies, the S protein has been widely targeted for vaccine development. This study aimed to clone and express the S2 subunit gene of the spike protein in Lactococcus lactis. Methods: In this study, the S2 gene, which had been previously amplified and cloned into the pWPI plasmid, was used. The gene was amplified by PCR and subsequently isolated and cloned into the pJET-1.2/blunt plasmid as an intermediate step, then transferred to E. coli DH5α for improved preservation. The S2 gene was then excised from pJET-1.2/blunt, cloned into the pNZ8149 plasmid, and transferred to Lactococcus lactis NZ39000 for gene amplification and expression. Results: The results demonstrated that the S2 gene (1432 bp) was successfully amplified, isolated, and cloned into the pNZ8149 plasmid. Following its transfer to L. lactis NZ39000, the S2 protein was expressed and detected as a 51 kDa band on SDS-PAGE. Conclusion: The findings suggest that transferring pathogenic viral genes into beneficial gut bacteria (LAB) may provide a promising strategy for developing oral vaccine candidates. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-479-en.pdf COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gene Expression Recombinant Protein Cloning S2 Gene