per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 1 10 article Hasan Goudarzi hasan.goudarzi12@gmail.com 1 Mahdi Naeeemaniali meddinaeemaniali12@gmail.com 2 Sadrollah Mahmoodi sadrollah.mahmoudi@gmail.com 3 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: Diagnostic discrepancy means the inconsistency between the diagnosis made by the emergency medicine specialist in the first step of the patient's visit and the final diagnosis made by the specialists of other fields after admission to the emergency room or hospital. This study investigates the frequency and possible factors related to the discrepancy between the initial and final diagnosis in the emergency department of Baqiyatallah Hospital. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2023, the initial and final diagnoses in the emergency file of hospitalized patients were examined. The final diagnosis was obtained by studying the summary of patients' files or the results of paraclinical tests, including routine clinical tests on peripheral blood, interpretation of pathology samples, radiology reports, and other procedures performed for the patient or after surgery. A comparison was made between the initial diagnosis or the initial symptomatic diagnosis and the final diagnosis, and the frequency of diagnostic mismatch was obtained.  Results: Out of 246 samples of this study, 70 cases of primary diagnosis were symptomatic, and the rest were primary definitive diagnoses. The highest frequency of consultations was related to internal medicine, followed by pediatrics. The average number of patients visited by each doctor was 316.3 cases. The average number of emergency specialists in two months was 16.5. Considering the significance level of 5% and using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, between all independent variables, patient age and category of disease  had a significant relationship with the frequency of diagnostic mismatch that most of the diagnostic discrepancies occurred in the age of over 50 years. The highest rate of diagnostic mismatch was in cardiology, with 47.2%, and infectious disease, with 44.4%. General and pediatric surgery fields had the lowest rate of diagnostic mismatch and the highest diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: In general, the rate of diagnostic mismatch in the emergency room is higher than in other conditions. Factors such as the patient's age and the disease's nature or category expose the emergency medicine specialist to errors and misdiagnosis. Although the primary duty of emergency physicians is damage control and critical care medicine, they do not make definite diagnoses. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-451-en.pdf Diagnostic mismatch symptomatic diagnosis emergency medicine. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 11 20 article Maziar Jahanbakhsh mejahan1400@gmail.com 1 Ali Mohammadi mohammadi.a4682@gmail.com 2 Abbas Khazai 3 Department of Marine Sciences, Imam Khomeini University of Marine Sciences, Nowshahr, Iran The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the dimensions, components and items of equipment needed to improve the safety of diving units by using specialized equipment based on a mixed and applied approach with a descriptive method of exploratory-causal type. The statistical population for the interview process included experts in the field of diving at the Nadaja level, who were identified using a purposeful judgment method based on criteria, and 8 people participated in the interview process until the theoretical data saturation stage. Also, the statistical population for the distribution of the questionnaire included some commanders, diving experts in the number of 40 people who had at least 20 years of direct activity in the field of diving, and all of them were used for the distribution of the questionnaire. The data collection tool in the first stage includes the study of documents and semi-structured interviews with experts to provide a model, and in the second stage, a 20-question questionnaire for its validation, the reliability of which has been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Qualitative data analysis after coding was done in three stages of data classification, processing, and judgment, and quantitative data was done using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the equipment needed to improve the safety of diving units has three dimensions: "special floating units for diving", "diving operation support equipment" and "diving operation implementation equipment" and the components and items counted are good equipment needed to improve the safety of diving units. Diving supports the Navy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-453-en.pdf Navy Diving Units Diving Equipment Safety Improvement per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 21 31 article Abbas Hajizade abbashajizade@ihu.ac.ir 1 Mohammad Reza Akbari m.akbari@gmail.com 2 Mohammad Ebrihim Minaei mminaii@ihu.ac.ir 3 Yosef Tarverdizadeh yosof.tarverdizadeh@gmail.com 4 Mohammad Javad Bagheri Pour mjbagheri@ihu.ac.ir 5 Shahin Faridfar sh.faridfar@gmail.com 6 Shahram Nazarian nazarian56@gmail.com 7 Mahdi Hoseinzadeh mhza1487@gmail.com 8 Biology Research Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossain University, Tehran, Iran Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Imam Hossain University Caused by the strains of Vibrio cholera, cholera continues to be one of the major health problemsall over the world. This disease is mainly caused by consuming contaminated water, vegetables and contaminated food such as seafood in people who live in poor health conditions or those who travel to endemic areas of the disease are affected the most. Studies in endemic areas have shown that newer generations of oral vaccines against the disease are safe, effective and protective. In areas at risk, in cojuction with other preventive measures, including improving water quality and improving public health, cholera vaccines should be available in order to prevent more frequency of the disease and its mortality. However, despite the availability of these vaccines for more than two decades, their use has not yet been optimized. Although, there are currently limitations in the oral vaccines against cholera, recent data suggest that these vaccines are safe and can be used even in difficult conditions and, also, are able to provide protection in different situations. Considering the future threats related to cholera disease, since the effectiveness and efficiency of oral cholera vaccines have been proven and efforts are being made to make newer vaccines, it is possible to control cholera disease in endemic areas as well as cholera epidemics with oral vaccines http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-427-en.pdf Vibrio cholerae Cholera Oral vaccines Herd immunity per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 32 43 article Keivan Ejlali Khanghah k_ejlali@yahoo.com 1 Hossein Jafari Jafarih55@yahoo.com 2 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran Marine Medicine Research Center, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: The presence of oil installations, wharves and refineries in the coastal strip of Bandar Abbas causes the release of a large amount of oil pollutants that eventually reach the sediments and cause bioaccumulation in the macrobenthic communities that live in the sediments. A ring in the sediments and their comparison in the tissue of four groups of macrobenthic communities, including gastropods, bivalves, crustaceans, and paraterans, were made in the waters around Bandar Abbas. Methods: To measure the concentration of polycyclic aromatic Hydrocarbon in the sediments and macrobenthic communities present in it, sampling was done at 9 stations using a Grab Van Veen device along the coastline of Bandar Abbas in March 2018 and March 2019. Results: The mean concentration of total PAHs by station showed that the refinery has the highest concentration of these compounds, followed by Posht-e-Shahr and Soro. The highest average concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gastropods belonged to the 3-ring compound Acenaphthene with an average (ppb) of 1117 and the lowest value belonged to the 6-ring compound Benzopyrylene with an average (ppb) of 2. In bivalves, the highest average concentration of the 3-ring compound Acenaphthene with an average (ppb) of 1261 and the lowest value of the 6-ring compound Benzopyrylene with an average (ppb) of 32 were obtained. The highest average concentration of the 4-ring compound Fluranthene with an average (ppb) of 1551 and the lowest value of the 6-ring compound Benzopyrylene with an average (ppb) of 0 was obtained in crustacean tissue. Conclusion: Findings have shown that sediments absorb 5-ring compounds, molluscs absorb 3-ring compounds, crabs absorb 4-ring compounds, and reptiles absorb 5-ring compounds more easily. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-431-en.pdf Hydrocarbon Macrobenthos Bandar Abbass Oil per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 44 52 article Hamdollah Hadi amir.hadi1@gmail.com 1 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Amin Police University, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity circuit training with colostrum supplementation on the body composition and health factors of overweight men. Methods: 40 healthy overweight middle-aged men were randomly divided into four groups: exercise and colostrum supplement, exercise and placebo, colostrum supplement and control. The training protocol consisted of three sessions per week for eight weeks. Subjects in the supplement and exercise-supplement group took 20 grams of powdered colostrum mixed with 200 ml of water every other day and then consumed it. Before and after supplementation and exercise, the variables of fat percentage, blood lipid, BMI index and waist to hip ratio were measured. Results: The results showed that the percentage of body fat in the supplement plus training group was significantly reduced compared to the colostrum supplement and exercise-placebo and control groups. Also, blood lipid, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio index showed a significant decrease in the exercise-supplement group compared to the other three groups. Conclusion: In general, the interaction of high-intensity circuit training and colostrum supplementation causes a significant reduction in body fat percentage, blood fat, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-452-en.pdf Circuit training Overweight Colostrum Fat percentage BMI Waist-to-hip ratio per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 53 63 article Mohaamad Amin Salehi Domshahri aminsalehi2172@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Reza Taherizadeh taheri.1965@gmail.com 2 Adnan Shahdadi adnan1361@gmail.com 3 University of Hormozgan Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran University of Hormozgan Background and Aim: Environmental pollution by heavy metals is one of the basic environmental problems. Heavy metals are of special importance due to the toxic effects of the environment in various aquatic species and the creation of the phenomenon of zoster enlargement. In aquatic ecosystems, molluscs form a large group of aquatic animals. Among the molluscs, since they move less in coastal areas, they are known as one of the suitable options for measuring the level of pollution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation of lead, nickel and cadmium heavy metals in the muscle tissue of 30 samples of sea flounder Peronia peronii, in the coastal waters of Hormozgan province (Bander Lange and Qeshm Island). Methods: 30 samples were collected from each station separately and after transferring the samples to the laboratory and biometry, the amount of heavy metals accumulation in them was investigated. Results: Observations indicated that the concentration of lead and nickel in sea flounder muscle in Bandar Lange was significantly lower than the limit defined in international standards (P<0.05) and the concentration of cadmium in sea flounder muscle in Bandar Lange was significantly higher. It was above the limit defined in international standards (P<0.05). The concentration of cadmium in the tissues of Bandar Lange samples was significantly higher than Qeshm Island (P<0.05). The results obtained from the relationship between the concentration of nickel, lead and cadmium and the average total weight in the regions showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of accumulation of the mentioned metals and the total weight factor, and a positive correlation was observed with the total weight (P<0.05). The results obtained from the relationship between the concentration of nickel, lead and cadmium and the average total weight in the regions showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of accumulation of the mentioned metals and the total weight factor, and a positive correlation was observed with the total weight (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that the results obtained from the relationship between the concentration of nickel, lead and cadmium and the average total length of Peronia peronii in Bandar Lange and Qeshm Island showed that there is a significant relationship between the accumulation of the mentioned metals and the total length factor. and a relatively negative correlation was observed with the total length of the sea lichen (P>0.05). http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-435-en.pdf Heavy metals Peronia peronii Hormozgan Molluscs per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 64 71 article Nader Jafarnia Dabanloo jafarnia@srbiau.ac.ir 1 Seyed Mohammad Javad Hosseini javadhosseini1377@yahoo.com 2 Keivan Maghooli k_maghooli@srbiau.ac.ir 3 Islamic Azad University, E-Campus Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, E-Campus, Tehran, Iran Islamic Azad University, E-Campus Background and Aim: With the increase in the number of infections and deaths of covid-19, the need is felt to use artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to diagnose the corona virus quickly and on time. In this study, using chest x-ray images and VGG-16 deep neural network, an automatic system was designed and implemented to detect cases of covid-19. Methods: In this research, chest x-ray images obtained from the Kaggle database were used. The design of this study included: data sampling, training division, creating directories, transferring images to their own folders, classifying images, creating the proposed VGG-16 model in Python programming language and Keras and Tensorflow libraries, evaluation of the proposed model and finally the creation of the confusion matrix and their analysis and interpretation. Results: The accuracy and Precision of the proposed model for the positive Covid-19 class were 91 and 93%, respectively. Also, the recall rate and F1-Score for cases with covid-19 were 94% and 88% respectively. Conclusion: Due to the high accuracy and precision of the proposed model, it can be used to diagnose covid-19 and separate COVID-19 cases from healthy cases and also be used as an auxiliary tool to help doctors diagnose this disease. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-429-en.pdf COVID-19 corona virus detecting of COVID-19 X-ray images chest deep learning per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-05 6 1 72 79 article Mohsen Eskandari psy.eskandari@gmail.com 1 Mohammadhossein Zarghami mohammad.hossein_zarghami@yahoo.com 2 Majid Azizi majid.azizi@yahoo.com 3 Ehsan Eskandari g.marand@yahoo.com 4 Marine Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Background and Aim: The necessity of maintaining effective cognitive function for the employees of ships is much more than for sedentary and low-risk jobs. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the cognitive performance before and after presenting different levels of noise in the employees of light vessels operating in the Persian Gulf. Methods: The current causal-comparative study was conducted in the first half of 1400 in the southern region of the country. The statistical population of the present study was all the employees of light vessels active in the Persian Gulf, and 15 people were placed in three groups with different noise ranges using the available sampling method. Posner's visual attention test was performed in the pre-test for all sample subjects. Then people of different buoyancy classes were then exposed to different noise ranges, and immediately after receiving the noise, the participants' Posner visual attention test was taken again. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 23.94 with a standard deviation of 3.25. The results showed that all components of the cognitive function of watchtower staff are different in both situations before and after exposure to sound. The results showed that the correct time response and the number of correct responses of individuals after the presentation of noise had a significant decrease and the reaction of the wrong time and the number of incorrect responses increased significantly. Conclusion: The results showed that exposure to acoustic vibrations at different frequencies affects selective attention and weakens the reaction time of correct responses. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-414-en.pdf Cognitive Function Time Response Sound Watchtower