per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 204 205 article Ali Nasiri alinasiri2@yahoo.com 1 Mohsen Abbasi Farajzadeh mohsen10_fam@yahoo.com 2 Majid Ghorbanzadeh majid.ghorbanzadeh1976@gmail.com 3 Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran 1. Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Editorial http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-442-en.pdf Emergency triage error mass casualties. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 206 213 article Mohammad Nobakht journalmarmedg@mail.com 1 Ali Nasiri ali.nasiri@gmail.com 2 Mohammad Belal mhd.belal5@gmail.com 3 mohsen abbasi farajzade mohsen10_fam@yahoo.com 4 Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: Acknowledging that preventing accidents and natural disasters is not always feasible, the presence of a well-prepared hospital can significantly mitigate fatalities and injuries resulting from such events. This study aimed to evaluate the readiness of naval hospitals in responding to accidents and natural disasters. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019-1400 at three selected Navy hospitals using Heydaranlou et al.'s (2015) functional preparedness tool for handling natural disasters and accidents. Results: Hospital A scored 465, Hospital B scored 442, and Hospital C scored 378, placing them in the average range (60%-41%). The study assessed 17 dimensions across the hospitals. Hospital A excelled in risk assessment and rapid warning systems with a perfect score (100%), while Hospital B lagged in security preparedness with a score of 13.91%. Hospital C demonstrated weak recovery capabilities post-disaster with a score of 27/27, falling within the weak category (40%-21%). Hospital A scored exceptionally well in risk assessment (100%) but poorly in security preparedness (2.27%). Conclusion: The evaluation of the three naval hospitals indicates they are moderately prepared compared to civilian hospitals. The findings suggest a focus on hospital accreditation standards. Collaboration among these hospitals could enhance preparedness, reduce costs, and improve future evaluations to achieve higher scores. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-466-en.pdf Preparedness Military Hospital Accidents Disasters Natural Disasters per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 214 222 article Yazdan Moradi ymorady@yahoo.com 1 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran In recent decades, there has been a flourishing trend in the production of highly beneficial and enriched foods. Marine organisms, including microalgae, possess nutritional value and unique compounds that can be utilized to enrich or create beneficial foods. One such microalgae species with significant potential in this regard is Spirulina. Numerous studies on Spirulina have highlighted its therapeutic benefits for various non-communicable diseases. These properties stem from the unique chemical composition and nutritional value of Spirulina, which includes minerals, pigments, omega-3 fatty acids, proenin, essential amino acids, and a variety of vitamins. Both domestic and international research has been conducted on the enrichment of food and the production of beneficial foods using Spirulina. The findings indicate that incorporating this microalgae into daily consumed foods, particularly grain-based foods, enhances their nutritional value by increasing levels of iron, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, essential amino acids, and protein. Additionally, the inclusion of Spirulina improves the sensory properties, texture, and color of these foods. This review article aims to introduce Spirulina as a means to enrich food and enhance the nutritional content of grain-based foods. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-445-en.pdf Microalgae Spirulina Enrichment Amino Acid Sensory Properties. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 223 230 article Roya Azm royaazm04@gmail.com 1 Mohsen Gozari m_gozari@yahoo.com 2 mohamad niroomand mohamad_niromand@yahoo.com 3 Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran Background and Aim: The use of plant extracts as an alternative to antibiotics is gaining popularity. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxicity properties of the ethanolic extract obtained from Terminalia catappa leaves against zoonotic Vibrio species. Methods: The ethanolic extract was prepared using the solvent soaking extraction method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) through the microdilution method. Additionally, the antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract was tested on Artemia using the microdilution brine shrimp toxicity assay and on shrimp larvae based on cumulative mortality. Results: The MIC of the extract against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 312 and 625 µg/mL, respectively, with an MBC of 625 µg/mL for both strains. The extract exhibited DPPH free radical inhibition with an IC50 of 228.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed in Artemia franciscana and Penaeus vannamei shrimp larvae at various concentrations compared to the control. Conclusion: The results indicate the potential of the ethanolic extract from T. catappa leaves as a promising candidate for further in vivo studies on prebiotic products. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-462-en.pdf Antioxidant activity Antimicrobial activity Terminalia catappa Plant extracts Vibrio parahaemolyticus per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 231 242 article Mahmood Reza Abbasi phys.ocean.abbasi@gmai.com 1 Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University of Officer Training and Guard Training, Tehran, Iran The operation of marine nuclear reactors mirrors that of all nuclear reactors. However, unlike other reactors, much of the information regarding marine reactors is classified, making it challenging to assess their safety levels. While the likelihood of an accident resulting in the release of radioactivity from the core of a nuclear reactor on a ship or submarine into the environment is minimal, the potential for such incidents cannot be disregarded. Numerous studies have explored the risks associated with accidents in nuclear reactors. This article provides a descriptive examination of various aspects of accidents in nuclear ships and submarines, delving into the extent of risks posed by these incidents. The article highlights the rigorous safety measures incorporated into the design and construction of nuclear vessels and submarines to prevent the release of radioactive materials in case of accidents. Each nuclear system, including the fuel casing, cooling system, and safety chamber, presents potential risks of radioactive material leakage into the environment. By categorizing nuclear accidents based on these subsystems, safety protocols aimed at preventing contamination spread and ensuring nuclear safety are reviewed. Furthermore, the emission characteristics of radioactive materials released into the marine environment during a nuclear accident are explored in terms of half-life, emission range, and decay types. The study also investigates the crucial role of seawater in attenuating and modifying the radiation properties of radioactive materials. It is demonstrated that fast neutrons and gamma rays are rapidly attenuated by surrounding seawater, typically traveling less than 1 meter. Additionally, most radioactive materials resulting from a nuclear accident emit alpha (α) and beta (β) radiation, both of which have limited ranges of less than 10 cm in water, with seawater serving as an effective shield against this type of radiation pollution. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-463-en.pdf Marine nuclear reactors Radioactive Pollution Accident. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 243 254 article Rouhollah Zare rzare59@gmail.com 1 Mohammad Ali Asefi M.ali.asefi@gmail.com 2 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran Chabahar Maritime University Plastic pollutants have emerged as a significant threat to the delicate ecological balance of marine ecosystems. Among the marine species profoundly impacted by these pollutants are sea turtles. Mistaking plastic for food, sea turtles ingest it, leading to blockages in their respiratory and digestive systems, ultimately resulting in their death. Research findings consistently highlight entanglement in fishing nets and suffocation due to oxygen deprivation as key contributors to sea turtle mortality. Numerous studies have demonstrated that even small amounts of plastic waste can prove fatal to sea turtles. Plastic fragments can accumulate in their digestive tracts, causing obstructions that are often lethal. This study aims to assess the impact of marine pollutants, particularly plastics, on sea turtle survival by analyzing and synthesizing existing research on sea turtle mortality, focusing on the waters surrounding Iran. The study is divided into two parts: the first part comprises a review of descriptive studies investigating the effects of plastic pollution on sea turtles, specifically those inhabiting Iranian marine regions near Oman, utilizing both domestic and international sources. The second part involves field and laboratory studies to identify turtle species and determine the causes of sea turtle mortality in the study area. In November 2017, 35 sea turtle carcasses were discovered on the shores of the Darak region in southern Sistan and Baluchistan province. Subsequent field and laboratory analyses revealed that plastic ingestion was a significant factor contributing to their demise. Coastal areas along the Sea of Oman, particularly the Darek coastal region, witness high levels of plastic pollution due to increased tourist activities, coastal developments, and the improper disposal of fishing gear, notably fishing nets. Sea turtle populations along the northern shores of the Sea of Oman are consequently exposed to various forms of marine debris. Given the destructive role of plastic pollution on turtles in the region, urgent measures are required to implement management programs aimed at reducing marine waste, with a specific focus on plastic pollutants stemming from fishing activities. Educating fishermen and local residents on sea turtle conservation practices and reviewing fishing equipment usage are crucial steps towards safeguarding these vulnerable marine creatures. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-436-en.pdf Marine debris Sea Turtle Marine Environment Oman Sea per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 255 264 article Seyed Mohammadreza Amouzegar Zavareh seyedmohammadrezaamoozgar@gmail.com 1 Alireza Moradi alirezaMoradi12@gmail.com 2 Masoud Latifi-Pour latifi3t@gmail.com 3 Atherosclerosis research center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Chemical Injuries Research Center and Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background and Aim: Over the years, the Military University of Medical Sciences has organized jihadi camps as part of students' educational programs, utilizing their capabilities to serve disadvantaged sections of society. Hence, this study aims to assess the impact of participation in jihadi camps as a valuable and effective voluntary movement on the life expectancy of students across various medical sciences departments at the Military University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 at the Military University of Medical Sciences. The study population comprised students of the Military University of Medical Sciences. Non-cooperation with the research team was the withdrawal criterion, and 200 students completed questionnaires through online electronic systems like Press Line and in paper form by personally approaching students in university settings such as classrooms, morning report sessions, and other educational gatherings. Additionally, research was carried out in the student dormitories of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences using stratified sampling methods to gather information. Results: Two hundred individuals participated in this study, with 81.0% being men and 19.0% women. Among them, 123 individuals (61.5%) fell into the 20-25 age group. 97% of participants were medical students, with 137 (68.5%) pursuing professional doctoral studies and 57 (28.5%) specializing. Of the participants, 86 (43%) had not engaged in jihadi camps at all, while 114 (57%) had participated at least once. The life expectancy questionnaire score was 165.62±11.46 for non-participants in jihadi camps and 174.96±18.51 for those who engaged three times (P=0.001). A significant relationship was found between education level and jihadi camp participation (P<0.001). The average life expectancy questionnaire score was 171.07±15.25 for professional doctoral students and 163.75±7.88 for those specializing (P=0.004). Married individuals scored an average of 165.58±9.04, while unmarried individuals scored 171.40±15.81 (P=0.004). Conclusion: The findings indicate that medical students voluntarily participating in jihadi camps exhibited higher life expectancies. This study underscores the importance of further investigating the link between voluntary activities and physical and mental health outcomes. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-444-en.pdf Life Expectancy Medical Students Volunteer Activities. per Marine Medicine Research Center Journal of Marine Medicine 9 2676-6051 2024-02 5 4 265 271 article Hamidreza Asgari hamidasgari1365@gmail.com 1 Zohra Davoudpour zdavoudpour@yahoo.com 2 Vahid Bigdelirad vahid.bigdeli@gmail.com 3 Bahareh Mojarabi Kermani bmojarabikermani@gmail.com 4 PhD student, Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran. Department of Urban Planning, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. The health system plays a crucial role in responding to pandemics caused by emerging and re-emerging infectious agents. It is a complex system encompassing political, economic, social, and environmental components. Coordination among the health system, its sub-systems, and the broader ecosystem is essential to achieve desired outcomes. Addressing biological threats, economic and social shocks, natural disasters, and conflicts is a key task of the health system and its subsets. A successful health system is one that can adapt and evolve in response to changing needs. Strategies to enhance the resilience of the health system in dealing with acute, sudden, and severe shocks differ from those needed to address well-known chronic challenges such as an aging population. The concept of resilience in health and treatment facilities is relatively new, aiming to reduce vulnerability and increase adaptability to human and non-human pressures and unforeseen events, enabling swift responses to changing circumstances while minimizing damage. Given the critical nature of healthcare spaces and the need for resilience during pandemics, specific measures and models are necessary. Previous research on resilience has focused on natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, primarily considering the physical structure of cities. However, there is a lack of focus on healthcare facilities and the development of suitable solutions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing the resilience of treatment systems during pandemics of emerging and re-emerging infectious agents. http://jmarmed.ir/article-1-464-en.pdf Health System Infectious Agents Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases Epidemiological Shocks Resilience Medical Systems.